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Biology 192 Lab > Lab 6 > Flashcards

Lab 6 Flashcards

1
Q

The most common, widespread, and varied of all plants

A

Angiosperms

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2
Q

What general advantages do angiosperms possess that have allowed them to become dominant over gymnosperms

A

More efficient vascular systems
Shorter generation times = more natural selection
More efficient pollination systems
Pollination by animal vectors is more likely to result in cross pollination

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3
Q

Angiosperms and gymnosperms both have what three things

A

Xylem and phloem
Pollen and pollen tube development
Seeds

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4
Q

A typical flower consists of four whorls attached to a ____

A

receptacle

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5
Q

The outermost whorl, usually green and help protect eh flower bud.

A

sepals

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6
Q

The sepals together are called a

A

calyx

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7
Q

The second outermost whorl, showy and serve to attract pollinators.

A

petals

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8
Q

The petals together are called the

A

corolla

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9
Q

Often there are glands near the base of the ovary that produce ___, a reward for pollinators

A

nectar

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10
Q

The sepals and the petals together are called the

A

perianth

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11
Q

In a few taxa the petals and sepals look very much alike and in this case they are called

A

tepals

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12
Q

The third whorl, which contains the male parts

A

stamens

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13
Q

The stamens and the anthers together are called

A

androecium

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14
Q

The pollen producing structure supported by the stalk filament

A

anther

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15
Q

The central structures of a flower are the female parts

A

carpels

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16
Q

The carpels together are called the

A

gynoecium

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17
Q

A carpal generally consists of three parts. The ____ is the top that is a receptive surface for pollen. The ____ through which the pollen tube grows. The ___ that contains one to hundreds of ovules

A

Stigma
Style
Ovary

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18
Q

A ___ flower has all four flower parts. A ____ flower is missing one or more of the four flower parts

A

complete

incomplete

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19
Q

Several flowers grouped together to form an

A

inflorescence

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20
Q

Angiosperms are divided into two groups

A

monocots and eudicots

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21
Q

A ___ is a seed leaf that in some cases emerges from the seed coat upon germination

A

cotyledon

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22
Q 
Flower parts are in multiples of three
The embryo has one cotyledon
Leaves have parallel veins 
Fibrous root system 
Do not have true vascular cambium 
Include grasses, lilies, bananas, corn, and palm trees
A

Monocots

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23
Q

Flower parts are in multiples of fours or fives
Embryo has two cotyledons
Taproot system
Leaves are not veined
Some woody species have vascular cambium
Includes oaks, maples, and roses

A

Eudicots

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24
Q

In a ____ flower the sepals, petals, and stamens are attached at the base of the ovary. Ex) Snapdragon

A

Hypogynous

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25
Q

In a ___ flower the sepals, petals, and stamens are borne on the rim of a teacup-like structure with the ovary in the middle. Ex) cherry blossom

A

Perigynous

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26
Q

In an ____ flower the sepals, petals, and stamens emerge at the top of the ovary. Ex) Iris

A

Epigynous

27
Q

Flowers that can be divided along any axis to achieve two equal halves are said to be

A

radially symmetrical
actinomorphic
regular

28
Q

Flowers that can be divided only along one axis to produce two equal halve are said to be

A

bilaterally symmetrical
irregular
zygomorphic

29
Q

If like flower parts are fused they are said to be ____

Ex) petals can be fused to form a flower tube

A

connate

30
Q

If unlike flower parts are fused they are said to be ___

Ex) the bases of stamens fused to petals as in a snapdragon

A

adnate

31
Q

A ___ flower is one that has both stamens and carpels it can also be called bisexual

A

perfect

32
Q

A ____ flower is one that has only stamens or carpels.

A

imperfect

33
Q

If both male and female parts are found on the same plant it is said to be

A

monoecious

34
Q

If the male and female flowers are found on different plants the species is said to be

A

dioecious

35
Q

In the sunflower family the flowers are attached as a group to the receptacle called a

A

head

36
Q

The sunflower family is an inflorescence consisting of

A

disk flowers and ray flowers

37
Q

Found in the center of the sunflower receptacle
Radially symmetric
Often bisexual

A

Disk flowers

38
Q

Found on the edge of the sunflower
Five fused petals that look like one petal
Often female
Zygomorphic

A

Ray flowers

39
Q

In angiosperms the ____ produces ____ that develop into male gametophytes (pollen grains that contain sperm)

A

microsporangium

microspores

40
Q

In angiosperms the ____ produces ____ which go through several stages to produce the female gametophyte (embryo sac that contains the egg)

A

megasporangium

megaspores

41
Q

A fruit is a mature ___ that contains one or more seeds. A seed is a mature _____

A

ovary

ovule

42
Q

Surrounded by a ____, a seed contains a ___ and ____

A

seed coat
embryo
food

43
Q

The wall of a fruit is called the

A

pericarp

44
Q

Generally attractive to animals because of color and/or smell

A

Fleshy fruits

45
Q

Include berries, hesperidium, pepo, pome, and drupes

A

Fleshy fruits

46
Q

Tomatoes, kiwis, green peers, and blueberries
Fruit wall is fleshy or slimy with thin skin
Contain more than one seed

A

Berries

47
Q

Oranges and lemons
A subtype of berry with skin that can be peeled
Each segment developed from one carpel
Contains more than one seed

A

Hesperidium

48
Q

Cucumbers, squash, gourds
Subtype of berry with a hard leathery rind
Inside layer walls are fleshy and enclose many seeds

A

Pepo

49
Q

Apples and pears
The flower that produces it has an inferior ovary
The flesh of the fruit is primarily receptacle tissue

A

POme

50
Q 
Cherries, coconuts, avocado, plums
The endocarp is hard 
Single seed is inside
Mesocarp is fleshy
Exocarp is the skin
A

Drupes

51
Q

Developed from more than one ovary

A

Complex fruits

52
Q

Fruits formed from many ovaries on a single flower

Ex) strawberry and raspberry

A

Aggregate fruits

53
Q

Fruits from the ovaries of may flowers fused together
Pineapples
Each star shaped spot on the pineapple was a flower

A

Multiple fruits

54
Q

The fruit splits open at maturity

A

Dehiscent

55
Q

What are the three Dehiscent dry fruits

A

Legumes
Follicles
Capsules

56
Q

These fruits are found in the pea family
Fruits open up along two suture lines
A pea pod is the fruit, the peas are the seeds

A

Legumes

57
Q

Milkweeds, columbine, and larkspur

Fruit opens up along one suture

A

Follicles

58
Q

Catalpa, Poppy, Tulip, and Iris

Seeds are released through multiple sutures or pores

A

Capsule

59
Q

Dry Fruits that do not open at maturity

A

Indehiscent

60
Q

What are the four types of dry indehiscent fruits

A

Samaras
Nuts
Caryopsis
Achene

61
Q

Maple and ash
Pericarp is thin and has a wing
Dispersed through wind

A

Samara

62
Q

Acorns

Pericarp is thick and hard

A

Nut

63
Q

Wheat, rice, oats, and barley
All in the grass family
Pericar is thin and does not have a wing
Seed coat is fused to the inside of the pericarp

A

Caryopsis

64
Q

Sunflowers and Dandelions
Pericarp is thin and does not have a wing
Seed coat is not fused to the pericarp

A

Achene

Biology 192 Lab (4 decks)

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