Lab 5

Question 1

Horsetails, Whisk Ferns, and True Ferns are all in what Phylum

Answer 1

Pterophyta

Question 2

The leaves of ferns are called ____. They are generally large and dissected

Answer 2

Fronds

Question 3

The sections of fern fronds are called ____

Answer 3

leaflets

Question 4

A young frond is called a ____ and breaks through the soil in a coiled position

Answer 4

fiddlehead

Question 5

____ on the leaves of ferns regulate gas exchange

Answer 5

stomata

Question 6

The dominant generation of true ferns is the

Answer 6

sporophyte

Question 7

The fern sporophyte produces spores called ____ that are groups of sporangia on the underside of some fronds

Answer 7

sori

Question 8

A sporangium has specialized cells in a medial position called the ____ that is involved in dehiscence

Answer 8

annulus

Question 9

The fern gametophyte is heart-shaped and smaller and is called a ____ it produces antheridia and archegonia

Answer 9

prothallus

Question 10

if a zygote is produced from a fern prothallus it will grow into a

Answer 10

sporophyte

Question 11

The dominant generation of gymnosperms is the

Answer 11

sporophyte

Question 12

contains an embryonic sporophyte and food

Answer 12

seed

Question 13

The seed of the gymnosperm is __ meaning it lies on the surface of the structure

Answer 13

naked

Question 14

A advantage of a seed over a spore is that multicellular which ____

Answer 14

increases survival during germination

Question 15

Gymnosperms produce ____ the male gametophyte

Answer 15

pollen

Question 16

The ____ carries the sperm to the egg of gymnosperms, therefore the sperm does not need to swim and is not dependent on water for reproduction

Answer 16

pollen tube

Question 17

The female gametophyte is _____ by the sporophyte

Answer 17

retained and nurtured

Question 18

Some gymnosperms evolved ____ a more efficient type of xylem conducting cell than those found in seedless vascular plants

Answer 18

vessels

Question 19

Gymnosperms evolved ____ that produces wood thus allows more massive and taller growth

Answer 19

vascular cambium

Question 20

The gymnosperm life cycle is _____

Answer 20

heterosporous

Question 21

Pollen producing cones of gymnosperms are called ____ and produce ____

Answer 21

strobili

microspores

Question 22

Seed producing cones of gymnosperms are called ____ and produce ____ with ____ inside

Answer 22

strobili
ovules
megaspores

Question 23

The female gametophyte of gymnosperms produces one to few ______ each with an egg.

Answer 23

archegonia

Question 24

Both the male and female gametophytes of gymnosperms are microscopic and dependent on the large free-living

Answer 24

sporophytes

Question 25

Fertilization of gymnosperms results in an embryonic sporophyte that develops _____

Answer 25

inside a seed located in the female cone

Question 26

An ovule of a gymnosperm develops into a

Answer 26

seed

Question 27

Live in tropical and subtropical climates
Are dioecious
Resemble palm trees but do not produce flowers
The sperm is flagellated

Answer 27

Cycads: Phylum Cycadophyta

Question 28

This phylum contains only one species 
Considered a living fossil
Slow-growing
Deciduous 
Dichotomously veined leaves
The leaves fall in synchronization
Commonly called the maidenhair tree
Dioecious
The seed producing cones are fleshy and smelly

Answer 28

Ginkgo biloba: Phylum Ginkgophyta

Question 29

The most abundant group of trees on earth
Usually grow in cool temperate regions
Leaves are needle-like, scale-like, or awl-like
Can be attached singly or in groups called fascicles
Show growth in height and in girth

Answer 29

Conifers: Phylum Coniferophyta

Question 30

Leaves that are attached in groups are called

Answer 30

fascicles

Question 31

Growth in height of a tree is called

Growth in girth of a tree is called

Answer 31

primary growth

secondary growth

Question 32

The increase in girth of conifers is due to the accumulation of

Answer 32

wood xylem

Question 33

The tree is the dominant sporophyte
Pollen producing cones are small
Pollen is produced with bladder shaped wings
Seed producing cones are larger and woody

Answer 33

Pinus: Conifer: Coniferophyta

Question 34

The purpose of the resin duct of the Pinus needle

Answer 34

holds secondary metabolites and prevents wildlife from feeding on pine leaves

Question 35

Their xylem contain vessels
Found in tropical and temperate regions
Include Welwitschia, Ephedra, Gnetum

Answer 35

Phylum Gnetophyta

Question 36

Live in deserts of SW Africa
Mostly underground except for two giant leaves
Get their moisture from fog

Answer 36

Welwitschia: Phylum Gnetophyta

Question 37

Commonly called mormon tea
Branched green photosynthetic stems
tiny scale-like leaves

Answer 37

Ephedra Phylum Gnetophyta

Question 38

Tropical genus

Includes vines and trees with broad leaves

Answer 38

Gnetum Phylum Gnetophyta

Question 39

What are the three phylums of plants that we saw on our field trip

Answer 39

Gnetophyta
Ginkgophyta
Coniferophyta

Question 40

Grows on bush
Stems are green and segmented
Found in the native plant garden on campus

Answer 40

Ephedra: Gnetophyta

Question 41

Ornamental plants
Dioecious
Red "berries" are the female cones
Have a mast year where tons of cones grow in one year
Needles attached singularly
Poisonous
Male plant has tiny yellow cones 
Found next to the Math Building

Answer 41

Taxus: Coniferophyta

Question 42

Scale-like leaves
Dioecious
Female plant has blue "berry" cones 
Male cones start yellow and turn green
Used to make gin
Can grow as trees, shrubs, or trees

Answer 42

Juniperus: Coniferophyta

Question 43

Light blue/green color
Monoecious
Lots of female cones on top
Small male cones on bottom
Mid-size female cones 
4s needles 
Found in the quad

Answer 43

Picea pungens: Coniferophyta (Blue spruce)

Question 44

Drooping branches 
Needles: sharp, short, singularly attached, square
Monoecious
Have the largest of the female cones 
Found by the Simplot-Micron Building

Answer 44

Picea abies: Coniferophyta (Norway spruce)

Question 45

Monoecious
Smallest female cones
Sub-alpine distribution
Wood used for furniture and instruments 
4 s needles 
In front of Admin Building

Answer 45

Engleman spruce Coniferophyta