Lab 5: angiosperms, fungi, lichens

Question 1

3 differences between angiosperms and gymnosperms

Answer 1

1. flowers
2. fruit
3. endosperm in seeds

Question 2

4 derived traits

Answer 2

1. simple structure/reduced number of parts
2. fusion of parts
3. bilateral symmetry
4. inferior ovaries

Question 3

group name for flowers

Answer 3

phylum anthophyta

Question 4

4 ancestral traits

Answer 4

1. complex structure
2. free parts
3. radial symmetry
4. superior ovaries

Question 5

what is the function of a pollen tube

Answer 5

delievers sperm cells to female gametophyte

Question 6

how are pollination and fertilization different

Answer 6

F: sperm + ovule fuse
P: transfer of pollen from the anther to stigma of ovary (using pollen tube)

Question 7

what is an ovule

Answer 7

flowering plant organ that produces seeds

Question 8

what does an ovule become after fertilization

Answer 8

seed

Question 9

biologically, what is a fruit

Answer 9

mature plant ovary that surrounds the seed

Question 10

2 functions of fruit

Answer 10

1. prevents seeds from drying out
2. disperse seeds

Question 11

fungi supergroup

Answer 11

supergroup unikonta

Question 12

are fungi more closely related to plants or animals

Answer 12

animals

Question 13

3 features of fungi

Answer 13

1. heterotrophic
2. cell walls made of chitin
3. no chlorophyll (no photosynthesis)

Question 14

3 features of plants in comparison to fungi

Answer 14

1. cell wall with cellulose
2. chlorophyll (photosynthesis)
3. autotrophic

Question 15

4 different lifestyles in fungi

Answer 15

1. sapotrophs
2. parasitism
3. mutualism
4. predatory

Question 16

what is the mycorrhizal association

Answer 16

symbiotic fungus surrounding/penetrating their roots to absorb minerals and water (mutualistic)

Question 17

2 functions of fungi mycellium

Answer 17

endomycorrhizal: mycelium penetrates root cell walls
ectomycorrhizal: mycelium surrounds root and grow into intercellular spaces

Question 18

example of endomycorrhizae and phylum

Answer 18

phylum glomeromycota: arbuscular mycrorrhizae

Question 19

what enhances the plants ability to absorb water and minerals and what does the fungus receive in return

Answer 19

mycelium mat; fungus receives synthesized plant products

Question 20

phylum of most saprophytic soil fungi

Answer 20

phylum zygomycota

Question 21

what are produced in the sporangia on tips of of hyphae

Answer 21

asexual spores

Question 22

can zygomycetes also reproduce sexually

Answer 22

yes

Question 23

phylum of yeasts, morels, truffles, and black leaf spot fungi

Answer 23

phylum ascomycota

Question 24

what gets produced in zygomycetes sexual stage

Answer 24

ascus with 8 haploid ascospores

Question 25

phylum of mushrooms, puffballs, bracket fungi

Answer 25

phylum basidiomycota

Question 26

what do basidiomycetes produce

Answer 26

4 haploid basidiospores on club shaped basidium

Question 27

where is basidia located

Answer 27

gills under the cap

Question 28

are lichens symbiotic

Answer 28

yes

Question 29

what are lichens made of

Answer 29

fungus (ascomycete or basidiomycete) and green algae or cyanobacterium

Question 30

what third symbiotic partner was recently observed in lichen formation

Answer 30

basidiomycete yeast

Question 31

how has this combo helped lichens

Answer 31

successful in harsh habitats, break down environment into raw materials making them more desirable to other organisms