Lab 5 Flashcards
Sutural bones
Small, flat bones found within the skull sutures
High degree of individual variation in number and size
Also called Wormain bones
Flat Bones
thin like a plate
protect underlying structures
large surface area for tendon and ligament attachments
examples are cranial bones , sternum, ribs and scapula
Long bones
Longer than wide
most common type of bone
range from very large femur to small phalangeal bones
(Humerus)
Sesamoid bones
small, flat bones develop inside tendons everyone has patellas presence of other sesamoid bones is highly variable (patella)
Short bones
similar length and width
roughly cube-shaped
examples are carpals and tarsals
Canal
round hole deeper than a foramen
Process
general term for any projection
Sinus
open chamber within a bone
usually air-filled
Fissure
narrow gap
Groove or Sulcus
narrow depression
Tubercle
small, rounded process
Tuberosity
small, rounded process
Head
large, smooth, rounded process
for articulation in joint
Neck
narrow connection between head and rest of bone
Trochanter
Large, rough process
Line
very narrow ridge
Epicondyle
raised area above a condyle
Condyle
smooth rounded process
for articulation in joint
Facet
small, almost flat surface
for articulation in a joint
Crest
prominent narrow ridge
Fossa
shallow depression of surface of bone
Spine
narrow and pointed process
Ramus
flat bridge of bone
makes an angle to rest of the structure
Articular cartilage
composed of hyaline cartilage
covers portion of each epiphysis involved in a joint
Spongy bone
cavities of spongy bone house red bone marrow
site of hematopoiesis
Epiphyseal line
Narrow zone between each epiphysis and the diaphysis
in growing children it is composed of cartilage and is the site for lengthening of the bone and is called epiphyseal plate
in adults, it becomes ossified
Proximal epiphysis
upper end of the long bone
composed primarily of spongy bone with thin covering of compact bone
Medullary cavity
chamber within diaphysis
contains yellow bone marrow
lined with spongy bone
Endosteum
connective tissue membrane
lines medullary cavity
Diaphysis
tube-shaped shaft of long bone
longer than it is wide
hollow cavity in the center
composed of both compact and spongy bone
Yellow bone marrow
found in medullary cavity
gets its yellow color from an abundance of fat cells
Periosteum
thin connective tissue covering surface of long bone
anchored to surface of bone
Distal epiphysis
lower end of the long bone
same composition as proximal epiphysis
Circumferential lamellae
layers of matrix found around outer surface of a bone
Interstitial lamellae
layers of matrix filling the spaces between osteons
Compact bone
matrix is organized into osteons
resistant to stress
found in walls of diaphysis
Central canal
also called osteonic or Haversian canal
extends through center of osteon
houses artery, vein, and nerve
Perforating canal
also called Volkmann’s canal
connects central canals of adjacent osteons
houses artery, vein, and nerve
Osteon
also called an Haversian system
cylinder-shaped unit
gives compact bone its unique appearance
consists of rings of lamellae (concentric lamellae) organized around a central canal
Lamella
layer of matrix in compact bone
lacunae and osteocytes found between adjacent lamellae
Canaliculi
network of tiny canals
connect lacunae to each other
allows nutrients to reach osteocytes
Osteocyte
mature bone cell
does not produce new matrix
does remove or rebuild old matrix to maintain mineral levels in blood
Lacuna
open space between lamellae
each houses one osteocyte
