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Biology 223 > Lab 5 > Flashcards

Lab 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Sutural bones

A

Small, flat bones found within the skull sutures
High degree of individual variation in number and size
Also called Wormain bones

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2
Q

Flat Bones

A

thin like a plate
protect underlying structures
large surface area for tendon and ligament attachments
examples are cranial bones , sternum, ribs and scapula

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3
Q

Long bones

A

Longer than wide
most common type of bone
range from very large femur to small phalangeal bones
(Humerus)

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4
Q

Sesamoid bones

A 
small, flat bones 
develop inside tendons 
everyone has patellas 
presence of other sesamoid bones is highly variable
(patella)
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5
Q

Short bones

A

similar length and width
roughly cube-shaped
examples are carpals and tarsals

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6
Q

Canal

A

round hole deeper than a foramen

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7
Q

Process

A

general term for any projection

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8
Q

Sinus

A

open chamber within a bone

usually air-filled

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9
Q

Fissure

A

narrow gap

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10
Q

Groove or Sulcus

A

narrow depression

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11
Q

Tubercle

A

small, rounded process

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12
Q

Tuberosity

A

small, rounded process

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13
Q

Head

A

large, smooth, rounded process

for articulation in joint

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14
Q

Neck

A

narrow connection between head and rest of bone

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15
Q

Trochanter

A

Large, rough process

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16
Q

Line

A

very narrow ridge

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17
Q

Epicondyle

A

raised area above a condyle

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18
Q

Condyle

A

smooth rounded process

for articulation in joint

19
Q

Facet

A

small, almost flat surface

for articulation in a joint

20
Q

Crest

A

prominent narrow ridge

21
Q

Fossa

A

shallow depression of surface of bone

22
Q

Spine

A

narrow and pointed process

23
Q

Ramus

A

flat bridge of bone

makes an angle to rest of the structure

24
Q

Articular cartilage

A

composed of hyaline cartilage

covers portion of each epiphysis involved in a joint

25
Q

Spongy bone

A

cavities of spongy bone house red bone marrow

site of hematopoiesis

26
Q

Epiphyseal line

A

Narrow zone between each epiphysis and the diaphysis
in growing children it is composed of cartilage and is the site for lengthening of the bone and is called epiphyseal plate
in adults, it becomes ossified

27
Q

Proximal epiphysis

A

upper end of the long bone

composed primarily of spongy bone with thin covering of compact bone

28
Q

Medullary cavity

A

chamber within diaphysis
contains yellow bone marrow
lined with spongy bone

29
Q

Endosteum

A

connective tissue membrane

lines medullary cavity

30
Q

Diaphysis

A

tube-shaped shaft of long bone
longer than it is wide
hollow cavity in the center
composed of both compact and spongy bone

31
Q

Yellow bone marrow

A

found in medullary cavity

gets its yellow color from an abundance of fat cells

32
Q

Periosteum

A

thin connective tissue covering surface of long bone

anchored to surface of bone

33
Q

Distal epiphysis

A

lower end of the long bone

same composition as proximal epiphysis

34
Q

Circumferential lamellae

A

layers of matrix found around outer surface of a bone

35
Q

Interstitial lamellae

A

layers of matrix filling the spaces between osteons

36
Q

Compact bone

A

matrix is organized into osteons
resistant to stress
found in walls of diaphysis

37
Q

Central canal

A

also called osteonic or Haversian canal
extends through center of osteon
houses artery, vein, and nerve

38
Q

Perforating canal

A

also called Volkmann’s canal
connects central canals of adjacent osteons
houses artery, vein, and nerve

39
Q

Osteon

A

also called an Haversian system
cylinder-shaped unit
gives compact bone its unique appearance
consists of rings of lamellae (concentric lamellae) organized around a central canal

40
Q

Lamella

A

layer of matrix in compact bone

lacunae and osteocytes found between adjacent lamellae

41
Q

Canaliculi

A

network of tiny canals
connect lacunae to each other
allows nutrients to reach osteocytes

42
Q

Osteocyte

A

mature bone cell
does not produce new matrix
does remove or rebuild old matrix to maintain mineral levels in blood

43
Q

Lacuna

A

open space between lamellae

each houses one osteocyte

Biology 223 (6 decks)

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