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FN Lab Practical > Lab #4 > Flashcards

Lab #4 Flashcards

1
Q

Interthalamic adhesion

A

connection bundle in the middle of the thalamus

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2
Q

Thalamic Tubercle

A
  • Bump on superior anterior thalamus
  • No function
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3
Q

Vascullar organ of lateral terminalis

A

Monitors CSF for salt concentration

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4
Q

Hypothalamus function

A
  • Maintain homeostasis
    • BP, electrolyte composition
    • Body temp
    • Energy metabolism
    • Reproduction
    • Physical, immunological stress response
  • 4 F’s: feeding, fighting, fleeing, fornicating
  • Sleep
  • General: interface between NS and endocrine/autonomic systems
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5
Q

Lamina Terminalis

A
  • Anterior end of the closed neuropore
  • Runs from anterior commisure to optic chiasm
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6
Q

Mammillary Bodies

A
  • Participate in memory functions
  • Located at termination point of fornix
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7
Q

Fornix

A
  • Connects hippocampus to mammillary bodies
  • Cuts hypothalamus into medial and ventral parts
  • Plays a part in memory
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8
Q

Lateral Hypothalamus

A
  • Keeps you awake
  • Keeps you eating
  • Outputs to cerebral cortex, basal forebrain, amygdala
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9
Q

Tuber cinereum

A
  • Gray matter between mammillary bodies and optic chiasm
  • Contains arcuate nucleus = feeding
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10
Q

Uncus

A
  • Part of the parahippocampal gyrus, on medial inferior temporal lobe
  • Olfactory cortex
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11
Q

Insula Parts & Functions

A
  • General: interoception (taste, temp)
  • Posterior: HR, RR, bodily state
  • Mid-insula: sensory reresentation of viscera
  • Anterior: subjective intensity of experience (emotional level)
  • Inputs to amygdala, hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex, medial prefrontal cortex
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12
Q

Median Eminence

A
  • Small swelling on tuber cinereum, posterior to infundibulum
  • Circumventricular organ (no BBB)
  • Major source of signaling to hypothalamus,
  • AND releases hormones into bloodstream
    • Release “releasing hormones” into hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system to the anterior pituitary for various endocrine functions
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13
Q

Infundibulum

A
  • Cone-shaped
  • Gives rise to pituitary stalk
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14
Q

Hypothalamo-hypophyseal Tract

A
  • Axons running from paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nuclei to posterior pituitary
  • Releases vasopressin (to block fluid loss)
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15
Q

Mammillothalamic tract

A
  • Links mammillary bodies to anterior thalamus
  • Memory
  • Connects hippocampus and anterior thalamus
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16
Q

Preoptic Nucleus

A
  • Set point generator
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17
Q

Sexually dimoprhic nuclei

A
  • Sex behaviors
  • Larger in males
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18
Q

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

A
  • Circadian rhythms
  • Respondible for release of melatonin
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19
Q

Arcuate nucleus

A
  • In wall of tuber cinereum
  • Feeding/appetite
20
Q

Ventromedial Nucleus

A
  • Superior to arcuate nucleus
  • Regulates satiety/stop eating
  • DAMAGE = obesity, aggression
21
Q

Dorsomedial, posterior nuclei

A

Maturation and thermogenesis

22
Q

Tubermammillary Nucleus

A
  • Lateral hypothalamic nuclei
  • Sleep/wake/circadian rhythm
23
Q

Corticolimbic System Function

A
  • Generate appropriate reactions
  • Facilitate recognition
24
Q

Amygdala

A
  • Recognition of non-neutral stimuli
  • Low-road input from thalamus (unprocessed)
  • High-road input from cortex (processed)
25
Q

Stria Terminalis

A
  • Runs with thalamo-striate vein
  • Anticipation of threat
  • Outflow from amygdala to hypothalamus to basal forebrain
    • Goes to anterior hypothalamus = sexual, agonistic behavior
26
Q

Stria medullaris

A
  • Outflow from basal forebrain and hypothalamus to habenula
27
Q

Substantia Innominata

A
  • NBM + BNST
  • NBM = synthesizes ACh for arousal
  • BNST = detect potential threat (CeA)
28
Q

Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex

A
  • VALENCE center
  • Receives input from BLA, NBM
  • Damage = abulia
29
Q

Allostasis Definition & Areas

A
  • How the body responds to stressors to regain homeostasis
  • Areas
    • Anterior cingulate cortex: conscious emotions
    • Subgenual component of ACC: regulates emotional responses
30
Q

Parts of brain that generate visceromotor commands to hypothalamus

A
  1. Anterior cingulate cortex
  2. Amygdala
  3. Anterior insula
31
Q

Hippocampus

A

short term memmory

32
Q

Parahippocampal Gyrus

A

Encoding & retrieval

33
Q

Basal Forebrain

A
  • Vental striatopallidal system = appetitive motor system (motivation to work for environmental stim = reward)
  • Just inferior to the anterior commissure
34
Q

Dorsal vs Ventral DA

A

Dorsal = movement

Ventral = reward

35
Q

Habenula

A
  • Nucleus of disappointment/negative valence
  • Embedded in posterior end of stria medullaris thalami
  • Lateral habenula receives inputs (via the stria medullaris thalami) from the ventral pallidum and lateral hypothalamus
  • Outputs (via “fasciculus retroflexus”) target the SNc and VTA in the midbrain where habenular inputs ultimately inhibit dopaminergic neurons
    • Basically takes away DA by inhibiting the VTA, so you’re not pairing the behavior to reinforcement
36
Q

Nucleus Accumbens

A
  • Part of the ventral striatopallidal system (VSS) = motivation/reward
  • Receives excitatory inputs from amygdala, hippocampus, vmPFC, lateral hypothalamus
  • Located in basal forebrain
37
Q

Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus

A
  • Input
    • Hippocampus (via fornix, mammillary bodies)
    • Midbrain (acetylcholine)
  • Output
    • Cortex of cingulate gyrus
38
Q

Pulvinar

A
  • A thalamic nucleus
  • Mostlly located in superior cistern
  • Function: integration of stim in different sensory domains
  • Inputs: retina, superior colliculus, spinothalamic tract
  • Output: where pathway in parietal lobe
  • Lesions = visual perception, pain perception, language processing
39
Q

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

A
  • Located beneath pulvinar, laterally
  • Ending of the optic tract
  • Input: contralateral visual field (optic tract)
  • Output: primary visual cortex (V1) surrounding calcarine fissure in occipital lobe via optic radiations
40
Q

Medial geniculate nucleus

A
  • Medial to lateran geniculate nucleus, below pulvinar
  • Input: auditory input from inferior colliculus
    • Tonotopically organized
  • Output: auditory radiations in Heschl’s gyrus of temporal lobe
  • Connects via the inferior quadrigeminal brachium
41
Q

Inferior quadrigeminal brachium

A
  • Connection between medial geniculate body and inferior colliculus (auditory info)
42
Q

Epithalamus

A
  • Contains
    • Pineal body
    • Habenula
    • Stria medullaris thalami
    • Posterior commissure
43
Q

Retrolenticular Part

A
  • Optic radiation off of posterior limb of internal capsule
  • Supplied by M2 of MCA
44
Q

Sublenticular part

A
  • Auditory radiation off of posterior limb of internal capsule
  • Supplied by M2 of MCA
45
Q

Lentiform nuclei

A

Putamen + globus pallidus

FN Lab Practical (6 decks)

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