Lab #2 Flashcards
Angiography
- Live imagining of arteries and veins
- Uses an intravenous injection of a radio-opaque dye
- X-ray imaging
Cerebrovascular Disease prevalance
Most common cause of death after heart disease and cancer
Anterior Choroidal Artery territory
- posterior limb of the internal capsule
- choroid plexus
- optic tract
- bits of thalamus & BG
- hippocampus
- amygdala
Insula is innervated by
MCA M2
PCA stroke would affect which modality the most?
Vision
ACA territory
Medial and superior surface of frontal and parietal lobes
MCA territory
- Lateraly surgace of frontal and parietal lobes, and superolateral surgace of the temporal lobes
- M1 lenticulostriates = basal ganglia
PCA territory
Inferior surface of teh temporal and occipital lobes, and medial surface of the occipital lobes
Atherosclerosis
- Hardening of the arteries, often seen in basilar artery
- Due to thickened patches of atheroma (lump)
- You can observe atherosclerotic plaques
Labyrinthine Arteries
- Arise from AICA
- Supply inner ear
- Run with the 7th and 8th cranial nerves
Pontine arteries
Short circumferential branches from the basilar artery
Long circumferential branches
- AICA
- SCA
- Coming off of basilar artery
Locked-In Syndrome
Syndrome caused by pontine Stroke from basilar paramedian branch infarct
Ischemic Stroke
- Occlusion (bloackage) of one of the cerebral arteries
- Blood supply is interrupted; loss of O2 and nutrients to brain tissue
Why are left sided strokes more common?
Clots can form in the left auricle of teh heart, particularly during atrial fibrilation; emoboli more commonly ascend the left common carotid artery.
Hemorrhagic Stroke
- Rupture of an artery due to vascular disease and hypertension
- Commonly involve a lateral lenticulostriate artery of M1 MCA
- Often leads to blood in the lateral ventricles
- Space-occupying
Aneurysm
- Small sac-like protrusion from the arterial walls
- Can rupture and will bleed into subarachnoid cisterns
Lacunar Infarct
- Small areas of brain damage, usually the result of vascular disease affecting cerebral arterioles.
- Most commonly found in BG, internal capsule, and pons
Sphincter pupillae
CN III Smooth Muscle
CN III Location
- Between PCA and SCA, then follows the PCOM
- So, PCOM aneurysms commonly cause 3rd nerve palsy (down + out)
Superior Oblique is innervated by
Trochelar Nerve (CN 4)
CN IV Palsy
- Eye extorts
- Pt tilts head to compensate
- Pt experiences vertical diplopia
CNs susceptible to tentorial herniation
3, 4
CN 5 Components
Large sensory root, small separate motor root
CN 6 Muscle
Lateral rectus
Nervus intermedius
Sensory root of the facial nerve (proprioception from face)
CNs coming out of post-olivary sulcus
9, 10
CN coming out of pre-olivary sulcus
12
Hypoglossal nerve damage
Unilateral tongue movement deficit on ipsilateral side (tongue points to damaged side)
Which artery is infarcted when lateral ventricles are filled with blood?
Lenticulostriate arteries (M1 of MCA) = artery of cerebral hemorrhage of Charcot
