Lab 4 157 Flashcards
Innate
Non specific
Born with
Adaptive
Specific
B cells
Humoral immunity
-plasma cells—> antibodies (memory)
T cells
Cell mediated immunity
-CD4 cells—-> MHC2
-CD8 cells—-> MHC1
Lymph
Fluid formed from blood plasma
(Water, plasma proteins, ISF)
What do lymphatic vessels do
Carry fluid
What do lymphatic organs have
Have a CT capsule
Lymphatic organs
1) thymus
2) spleen
3) lymph nodes
What is the largest lymphatic organ
Spleen
What is immune response
Produce, maintain and distribute lymphocytes
How do lymphatic vessels against the vascular system circulate body fluids
-draining excess interstitial fluid
-transport dietary lipids absorbed by the gut to the blood
MALT
Mucosa
Associated
Lymphoid
Tissue
Where do vessels from the right arm empty into to
Empty into right lymphatic duct which empties into the right subclavian vein
Where does the rest of the body empty into
Empties into thoracic duct which empties into left subclavian vein
What do excess fluid in the tissue spaces become
Lymph
How is lymph pumped back into heart
By skeletal muscles and respiration
Lymphedema
Swelling due to obstruction in lymph node
How many lymph nodes in typical young adult
≈450
Two functions of lymph nodes
-cleanse the lymph
-act as a site of T and B cell activation
Lymph shape
Elongated bean shaped structure with hilum
-enclosed with fibrous capsule with trabeculae that divide interior into compartments
What’s divided into cortex and medulla in lymph node
Parenchyma
Where do B cells multiply and differentiate into plasma cells
Germinal centers
Pathogens
Agents capable of producing disease
First line of defence
Skin, mucous membranes
Second line of defence
Leukocytes, macrophages, NK, inflammation, fever
Third line of defence
Adaptive immunity
-defeats pathogen and leaves body with a memory
What does NK cell produce
Perforins
Where is NK present
In blood, spleen, lymph nodes, red bone marrow
What does NK attack
Any body cells that fail to display MHC 1
Inflammation steps
1) inflammation chemicals
2) margination -blood goes to site of injury
3) diapedesis
4) chemotaxis
5) phagocytosis
What does adaptive specific immunity protect against
Infection, bacteria, viruses, bacterial toxins, cancer
Cellular immunity
-lymphocytes directly attack foreign cells or diseased cells
-ride the body of pathogens
-kills cells that harbour them
Humoral immunity
-mediated by antibodies that do not directly destroy pathogen but tag it
-antibodies are dissolved in body fluids
-effective against viruses, bacteria, yeats, protozoans, toxins, venoms, allergies
Where do plasma cells go to mature
Red bone marrow
Autoimmunity
-inability to recognize self
-immune system attacks the body’s own tissue
