Hormone Disorders

Question 1

Diabetes insipidus

Answer 1

Hormone hypo/ hyper: hyper secretion of ADH
effects: “water diabetes” causes excretion of large amounts of urine up to 20L/day

Question 2

Gigantism

Answer 2

Hormone hypo/hyper: hyper secretion of growth hormone during childbirth
Effects: abnormal increase in length of long bones, individuals are abnormally tall

Question 3

Acromegaly

Answer 3

Hormone hypo/ hyper: hyper secretion of growth hormone during adulthood
Effects: bones and cartilage of hands, feet and face thicken

Question 4

Pituitary growth failure (dwarfism)

Answer 4

Hormone hypo/ hyper: hypo secretion of growth hormone during childhood
Effects: slows bone growth, epiphyseal plates close early before normal height is reached, treated with growth hormone before plate closes

Question 5

Childhood hypothyroidism

Answer 5

Hormone hypo/ hyper: hyposecretion of T3 and T4 during early childhood
Effects: severe cognitive impairment

Question 6

Myxedema

Answer 6

Hormone hypo/ hyper: hyposecretion of T3 and T4 during adulthood
Effects: swelling occurs due to accumulation of interstitial fluid, fatigue, lethargy, sensitivity to cold, difficulty maintaining weight, treatment consists of oral thyroid medication

Question 7

Graves’ disease

Answer 7

Hormone hypo/ hyper: hyper secretion of T3 and T4 (autoimmune)
Effects: increased metabolism, hyperactivity, weight loss,nervousness, protrusion of the eyes, treatment can be surgical, radioactive or anti thyroid drugs

Question 8

Addison disease

Answer 8

Hormone hypo/ hyper: hyposecretion of cortisol and aldosterone
Effects: muscular weakness, fatigue, anorexia, dehydration, low bp, low blood sodium, adrenal glands failure,
Treatment: prednisone, mineralocorticoids, increase dietary sodium

Question 9

Cushing disease

Answer 9

Hormone hypo/ hyper: hyper secretion of cortisol
Effects: breakdown of muscle proteins and body fat, spindly arms and legs, moon face, poor wound healing, hyperglycemia, hypertension, less resistance to stress

Question 10

Type I diabetes mellitus

Answer 10

Hormone hypo/ hyper: hyposecretion of insulin (autoimmune)
Effects: causes hyperglycemia, requires insulin injections

Question 11

Hypothyroidism

Answer 11

-Due to iodine deficiency or abnormal thyroid gland development
-can lead to growth failure
-fatigue, lethargy, poor weight control

Question 12

Goiter

Answer 12

Thyroid gland enlargement
-inadequate dietary intake of iodine
-gland accumulates hormone precursors
-associated with hyper/hypo thyroidism

Question 13

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 13

Thyroid gland over-activity
-increased metabolism, hyperactivity, nervousness, anxiety, weight loss