Hormones Flashcards
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Source gland- posterior pituitary
Target- kidneys, sweat glands, arterioles
Action:converse water by decreasing urine vol, increase bp, decrease perspiration
Oxytocin (OT)
Source: Posterior pituitary
Target: uterus, mammary glands
Action: stimulates contractions in uterus during childbirth, ejection of milk from mammary glands after birth
Human growth hormone (hGH)
Source: anterior pituitary
Target: liver, skeletal muscles, cartilage, bone
Action: promotes growth of body cells by increasing protein synthesis, tissue repair, increases blood glucose
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Source: anterior pituitary
Target: thyroid gland
Action: stimulates synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Source: anterior pituitary
Target: adrenal cortex
Action: stimulates secretion of hormones of the adrenal cortex
Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)
Source: anterior pituitary
Target: brain, skin
Action: not clearly known, mat affect brain activity and skin pigmentation
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Source: anterior pituitary
Target: ovaries, testes
Action: female: triggers ovulation , stimulates secretion of estrogen
Males: stimulates secretion of testosterone
Follicles stimulating hormone (FSH)
Source: anterior pituitary
Target: ovaries, testes
Action: female: triggers monthly development of oocytes, stimulates secretion of estrogen
Male: stimulates sperm production
Prolactin (PRL)
Source: anterior pituitary
Target: mammary glands Action
Action: stimulates milk production and secretion
Thyroid hormones (T3 T4)
Source: thyroid gland
Target: whole body
Action: increases metabolic rate, stimulates protein synthesis, increases use of glucose and fatty acids for energy, accelerates body growth, helps develop nervous system
Calcitonin (CT)
Source: thyroid gland
Target: bones, kidneys
Action: decreases blood calcium, promotes born formation, inhibits osteoclasts
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Source: parathyroid gland
Target: bones, kidneys Action: increases blood calcium, promotes bone resorption, limits loss of calcium in urine, stimulates osteoclasts
Epinephrine/ norepinephrine (NE)
Source: adrenal medulla
Target: heart, skeletal muscle, liver, adipose tissue, lungs
Action: fight or flight response: increase hr and bp, increase blood flow to targets, dilates airways, increases blood glucose, enhances sympathetic ns
Aldosterone
Source: adrenal cortex
Target: kidneys
Action: increase blood sodium and water, decreases blood potassium, adjusts blood pressure and volume
Cortisol
Source: adrenal cortex
Target: liver, muscles, adipose tissue
Action: increase protein and lipid breakdown, increase increase glucose formation, dampens inflammation and decreases immune response
Insulin
Source: pancreas
Target: liver, muscles, adipose tissue
Action:lowers blood glucose, promotes formation of glycogen, promotes cell growth and differentiation
Glucagon
Source: pancreas
Target: liver, muscles, adipose tissue
Action: raises blood glucose, stimulates breakdown of glycogen
Estrogen
Source: ovaries
Target: uterus, mammary glands and other cells in body
Action: regulates reproduction cycle, promotes female sex development characteristics, maintains pregnancy
Testosterone
Source: testes
Target: testes, many cells in body
Action:regulates sperm production, promotes development of male sex characteristics
Progesterone
Source: ovaries
Target: uterus, mammary glands, many cells in body
Action: regulate reproductive cycle, promotes development of female sex characteristics, maintains pregnancy
Melatonin
Source: pineal gland
Target: brain
Action: regulates biological clock, higher levels in darkness
Thymosin
Target: T lymphocytes (WBC)
Function:
-involved with immune response
-promotes maturation of WBC
Natriuretic peptides
Target: kidneys
Function: excretion of sodium ions and water to decrease bp
