Lab 1 157 Flashcards
Endocrine
Secrete within
Endocrine glands
Ductless glands and cells that secrete hormones into ISF which then diffuse into the blood stream
What does a hormone do
Provoke or set in motion
List the functions of hormones
-regulate cell activity and growth
-regulate body functions and metabolism
-maintain homeostasis
True or false
Hormones act on a specific target cell only
True
True or false
Hormones are released in one part of the body but regulate cell activity in another part of body
True
Stimulus for secretion of hormones
-signals from nervous system
-chemical changes in the blood
-other hormones
Hypothalamus
Main link between the nervous system and the endocrine system
What does the hypothalamus regulate
The pituitary gland
Hypophysis
Pituitary gland
What does hypophysis mean?
Under growth
Where does the pituitary gland rest?
In the Stella turcica
Anterior pituitary =
Adenohypophysis
Posterior pituitary =
Neurohypophysis
True or false
The posterior lobe of the pituitary synthesizes hormones
False, it does not synthesize hormones
What two hormones are stored in the posterior pituitary
Antidiuretic hormone
Oxytocin
How do ATDH and oxytocin get to the pituitary gland from the hypothalamus
By travelling down the nerve axons
Where are the two hormones in the posterior pituitary synthesized
Synthesized by neurons in the hypothalamus
How are hormones released from neurohypophysis
Hormone release is triggered by nerve signals from the hypothalamus
What type of hormones does the hypothalamus secrete
Regulatory hormones
When the hypothalamus secretes hormones where do they diffuse to
They diffuse into the primary capillary plexus of the hypophyseal portal system
How are hormones distributed to target cells in the anterior lobe of pituitary
By the secondary capillary plexus
What is the hypophyseal portal system
Network of blood vessels that connect the hypothalamus to the anterior lobe of the pituitary
How many releasing hormones does the hypothalamus secrete
5 which stimulate secretion of anterior pituitary hormones
TRH
CRH
GnRH
GHRH
PRH
How many inhibiting hormones does the hypothalamus secrete
2 inhibiting hormones which suppress secretion of anterior pituitary hormones
GHIH
Dopamine
How many tropic hormones does the anterior lobe of pituitary gland secrete
7 tropic hormones in response to stimulus from regulatory hormones (secreted by hypothalamus)
Tropic hormones
Turn on endocrine glands or support functions of other hormones
TRH stimulates the release of what hormones
Thyroid stimulating hormone TSH
Prolactin PRL
CRH stimulates the release of what hormone
Adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH
GnRH stimulates the release of what hormones
Luteinizing hormone LH
Follicle Stimulating hormone FSH
GHRH stimulates the release of what hormone
GH
What does glucagon “do”
Increases blood sugar
What does insulin “do”
Decreases blood sugar
Where are the adrenal glands located
Paired glands are one superior to each kidney
What are the two components to each adrenal gland
Adrenal medulla
Adrenal cortex
Adrenal medulla
-in the centre of gland
-Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Adrenal cortex
-80-90% of the gland around the periphery
-produces steroid hormones essential for life
-also produces androgens (male sex hormones)
Hypothalamo hypophyseal tract
Connection between hypothalamus and posterior pituitary
3 layers of the suprarenal cortex
-Zona glomerulosa
-Zona fasciculata
-Zona reticularis
What is the largest endocrine gland
Thyroid gland
Name each endocrine gland
-hypothalamus
-pituitary gland
-pineal gland
-thyroid gland
-parathyroid glands
-thymus
-adrenal glands
-ovaries
-testes
