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MEDSCI 142 > Lab 3 - Sheep Heart > Flashcards

Lab 3 - Sheep Heart Flashcards

1
Q

link between pulmonary trunk and aorta

A

adult: ligamentum arteriosum (fibrous bridge)
fetus: ductus arteriosus (carried blood from pulm trunk to aorta)

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2
Q

flap between LA and RA

A

adult: fossa ovalis
fetus: foramen ovale

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3
Q

visceral pericardium

A

aka epicardium
- can’t move around (stuck to heart)
- made of mesothelial cells

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4
Q

appearance of fat

A
  • at body temp. (37º): snotty
  • out of body: hard
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5
Q

appearance of diaphragm

A
  • muscular (dark red)
  • hard
  • fibrous
  • different to rats
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6
Q

thin walls =>

A

low pressure

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7
Q

head orientation

A

cranial

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8
Q

tail orientation

A

caudal

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9
Q

bellyside orientation

A

ventral

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10
Q

backside of body orientation

A

dorsal

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11
Q

frontside on horizontal plane

A

anterior

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12
Q

backside on horizontal plan

A

posterior

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13
Q

pulmonary trunk

A
  • most ventral great artery
  • thick, rubbery/elastic, opaque (cream-coloured)
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14
Q

left anterior vena cava

A
  • blood from head + forelegs (+ right anterior vena cava)
  • several cardiac veins drain into here
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15
Q

posterior vena cava

A

blood from hind legs

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16
Q

right atrium shape in humans vs sheep

A

humans: vertical/ long
sheep: horizontal

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17
Q

great vein appearance

A

almost invisible as the thin and membranous walls have collapsed after death

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18
Q

clues for orientation

A

1) pulmonary trunk
- only in ventral view
2) interventricular sulcus
- present/absence (lateral)
- diagonal (ventral)
- vertical (dorsal)
3) apex/LV
- left (dorsal)
- right (ventral)
4) shape of heart
- flat on dorsal
- round on ventral
5) auricle
- sit/flop in ventrally

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19
Q

blood always goes

A

DOWN pressure gradient

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20
Q

brachiocephalic trunk

A
  • provide for forearm/limbs + head
  • first trunk of aorta
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21
Q

why did the ductus arteriosus close

A

after birth due to smooth muscle contraction (vasoconstriction) + oxygen meaning blood to lungs (less resistance)

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22
Q

pressure in right atrium

A

~5 mm Hg
- low pressure system (lung circulation)

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23
Q

two parts of atria

A

1) main part: smooth internal wall for laminar flow (no turbulance/loss of energy)
2) atrial appendage (auricle): trabeculated for 3D flow/contraction
- different origins in developing embryo

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24
Q

pressure in left atrium

A

~8 mm Hg

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25
LV:RV thickness ratio
3:1
26
LV:RV pressure ratio
5:1
27
pressure in LV
(0-8) - 120 mm Hg
28
pressure in RV
(0-5) - 27 mm Hg
29
moderator band
- red - made of muscle not CT - contains Purkinje (modified cardiac muscle) fibres - shortcut as too late for electrical signal to go to last papillary
30
tricuspid valve
soft and transparent but strong
31
chordae tendineae
heart strings - tough white connective tissue cords
32
why does LV not have a moderator band
more extensive purkinje network + larger/stronger papillary/chordae tendineae as LV must withstand more pressure to prevent valve inversion + LV more trabeculated than RV
33
heart sounds
due to turbulance of blood not flaps clapping together - first sound: heard near apex - second sound: heard near base
34
pulmonary valve
3 semilunar valves/flaps
35
flaps of mitral valve are
larger than tricuspid valve flaps
36
mitral valve during diastole
open - chordae tendineae: loose - papillary muscle: relaxed
37
mitral valve during systole
closed - chordae tendineae: tight - papillary muscle: contracted
38
infarction (dead tissue) near papillary muscle =>
papillary muscle doesn't contract => chordae tendineae relaxed => valve doesn't close => blood -> atria not aorta => heart attack
39
aortic valve during systole
open + cover coronary ostea => blood can't enter
40
coronary ostea
opening to coronary arteries
41
aortic valve during diastole
close + blood enter coronary artery
42
coronary arteries
supply heart
43
cardiac veins
- drain deoxygenated blood into RA (flow into left anterior vena cava) - pinprick holes/pores on wall of RA
44
fossa ovalis
- translucent membrane in interatrial septum - remnant of foramen ovale
45
foramen ovale
- allows blood to cross from RA to LA - flap on the left side of septum
46
closure of foramen ovale
at birth: increased LA volume => increased LA pressure and when LA P > RA P => flap closed => sealed by connective tissue growth around edges
47
first heart sound is due to closure of
mitral/tricuspid valves
48
second heart sound is due to closure of
aortic/pulmonary valves
49
consequences of rupture of papillary muscle
inlet valve doesn't close properly => blood flows back into atria
50
potential cause of papillary muscle rupture
ischemia => insufficient oxygen/blood flow => myocardial infarction
51
ischemia
lack of blood to tissues in blood
52
why do outlet valves not require chordae tendineae
cusps remain stable due to cusp shape (semilunar) when valve closes
53
blood through ductus arteriosus
90% of blood due to low resistance
54
blood through lung capillaries in fetus
10% of blood - lung not functioning - surrounded by amniotic fluid => high resistance => hard for RBC to flow through - only small amount of blood for lung growth
55
ductus arteriosus
- large fetal vessel - carried blood from pulmonary trunk to aorta
56
blood through lung capillaries in adults
100% of blood - air in lungs => drastically decrease resistance to blood flow
57
if ductus arteriosus doesn't close properly
blood shunted into pulmonary trunk since aortic P > pulmonary trunk P => more blood to lungs, less to body
58
if foramen ovale doesn't close
blood goes from LA -> RA => more blood to lungs, less to body
59
interventricular septum
made of muscular tissue
60
patent
open/unobstructed vessel; failing to close

MEDSCI 142 (8 decks)

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