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MEDSCI 142 > Lab 1 - Rat Dissection > Flashcards

Lab 1 - Rat Dissection Flashcards

1
Q

rat differences compared to humans

A
  • lack enamel on posterior teeth surfaces => chisel-shape
  • no canines (only incisors/molars)
  • lower jaw in two pieces, hinged in middle
  • no gall bladder
  • Y-shaped uterus
  • internalised penis
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2
Q

pentadactyle

A

5 digits (e.g fingers and toes on fore and hind limbs)

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3
Q

determining sex of a rate

A

number of holes not just scrotum as juvenile male’s scrotum may not have dropped

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4
Q

female rats

A

3 holes (from superior -> inferior):
1) urethra (urine)
2) vagina (offspring)
3) anus (faeces)

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5
Q

prepuce

A

foreskin/flap covering internalised penis of rats

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6
Q

thoracic cavity

A

diaphragm up

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7
Q

abdominal pelvic cavity

A

diaphragm down

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8
Q

types of peritoneum

A

1) visceral peritoneum (in contact with organ)
2) parietal peritoneum (in contact with abdominal wall)

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9
Q

mesentary

A

transparent double layer of peritoneum that suspends intestine
- blood vessels often shrouded with fat fan out through mesentary to supply/drain intestinal wall

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10
Q

four body cavities

A

1) peritoneal cavity (abdominal contents)
2) pericardial cavity (heart)
3/4) two (left/right) pleural cavities (lungs)

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11
Q

three tubular portions of gut

A

1) oesophagus (absorption/secretion everywhere downstream of oesophagus)
2) small intestine
3) large intestine

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12
Q

two sacs of gut

A

1) stomach
2) caecum
- where gut contents temporarily come to rest

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13
Q

oesophagus position relative to trachea

A

oesophagus dorsal to trachea

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14
Q

two large glands of gut

A

liver and pancreas
- both have endocrine and exocrine function
- derived embryologically from gut lining

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15
Q

two sections of stomach

A

1) anterior/lateral portion
- thin/transluscent
- food storage
- no glands
- protective stratified squamous epithelium
- humans don’t have
2) medial/posterior (pyloric region)
- glandular (simple tubular glands)
- opaque
- digestion

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16
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

collar of smooth muscle that controls flow of chyme into duodenum

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17
Q

chyme

A

stomach contents

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18
Q

sections of small intestine

A

1) duodenum
2) jejunum
3) ileum

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19
Q

arteries to intestinal wall

A

two branches of dorsal aorta
- coeliac a.
- superior mesenteric a.

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20
Q

veins from intestinal wall

A

tributaries of hepatic portal vein that leads to liver

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21
Q

liver

A
  • second largest organ in body
  • largest gland in body
  • four lobes
  • thin connective tissue capsule
  • vulnerable to traumatic injury => severe internal bleeding
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22
Q

bile salts

A

aid in
- digestion
- absorption of fats and vitamins

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23
Q

gall bladder

A

cystic duct from gall bladder joins with common depatic duct to form common bile duct to discharge into duodenum

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24
Q

gall bladder replacement in rats

A

pancreatic duct joins hepatic duct => common duct into duodenum

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25
liver blood supply
receives: - venous blood from gut wall via hepatic portal vein - oxygentated blood from aorta via hepatic artery (branch of coeliac artery)
26
four parts of large intestine
1) caecum 2) colon 3) rectum 4) anus
27
caecum
- cellulose breakdown humans: terminates in a vermiform (worm-like) appendix which contains lymphoid tissue (human caecum doesn't have bacteria to break down cellulose) rats: no vermiform appendix
28
three(/four) colons
- ascending (anteriorly) - transverse - descending (posteriorly) (- sigmoid colon in humans)
29
colon function
- reabsorption of water - formation of faeces
30
anus sphincter
partial voluntary control: 2 sphincters - smooth muscle - skeletal muscle below it
31
kidney location
retroperitoneal (behind peritoneum) - buried in fat on dorsal wall of abdominal cavity - ventral surface covered with parietal peritoneum
32
kidney depression (hilus)
on medial surface is point where - renal artery - renal vein - ureter
33
adrenal cortex
secrete steroid hormones
34
adrenal medulla
secrete adrenalin
35
male reproductive glands
- seminal vesicles (brown) - prostate gland (white)
36
seminal vesicle appearance
elongated, curved and with a hard lumpy texture
37
prostate gland
soft, pale-coloured, wrapped around the base of the urinary bladder
38
oviduct
connects uterine horn to small dark-coloured ovary at distal end of each horn - tightly coiled in rats
39
pharynx
head: - air: nasal passages - dorsal - food: mouth - ventral neck: - air: trachea - ventral - food: oesophagus - dorsal
40
hard palate
- anterior roof of mouth - bony partition - separates mouth from above nasal cavities - transverse ridges
41
food sorting during chewing
food sorted according to size by rolling it between the tongue and hard palate
42
soft palate
- posterior roof of mouth - lack core of bone
43
molar teeth
- three molar teeth on each side of both jaws
44
glottis
opening into trachea
45
epiglottis
triangular flap ventral to glottis
46
opening into nasal cavities
leads anteriorly, dorsal to the soft plate
47
salivary gland colour
similar to surrounding connective tissue and muscle => difficult to identify
48
lower jaw
mandible
49
hinge in the middle of mandible
temporo-mandibular joint
50
width of bite
spacing between incisors can be varied at will
51
tail
balancing organ
52
nares
nostrils - close underwater
53
vibrissae
tactile organs - navigate in darkness
54
nipples
6 in both males/females
55
serous fluid
-watery - made by cells of serous membrane
56
rat pericardium
delicate, transparent bag
57
human pericardium
thicker, stronger, more fibrous
58
pancreas
- alkaline digestive juice - enzymes: lipases, amylases (break down carbohydrates), proteases - small, scattered pink lobules (resemble grain-like deposits of fat but not white) suspended by mesentary
59
appendicitis
appendix bursts => bacteria gets around peritoneum
60
adrenal glands
small brown bodies
61
food -> trachea
violent coughing
62
air -> oesophagus
eructation (belching/burping)
63
duodenum receives material from
stomach, liver, pancreas
64
serous membrane
- parietal/visceral pericardium - epidermis/dermis are NOT
65
oesophagus
- tubular part of gut where most of it lies outside the abdominal cavity - main function is transport and little absorption/secretion occurs - doesn’t receive secretions from either liver or pancreas

MEDSCI 142 (8 decks)

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