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Biology lab > Lab 3 - Epithelial and Connective tissue > Flashcards

Lab 3 - Epithelial and Connective tissue Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is epithelial tissue divided into

A
  • Covering epithelia

- Glandular epithelia

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2
Q

What is connective tissue

A
  • Acellular
  • Consists of:
    • Ground subsntance
    • Different types of fibres
    • Small number of various types of cell
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3
Q

What is connective tissue divided into

A

Loose and Dense

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4
Q

Loose connective tissue

A

Aereolar

Adipose

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5
Q

Dense connective tissue

A

Regular

Irregular

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6
Q

What is mesentery

A

Aerolar loose connective tissue that binds together the loops of intestine.

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7
Q

Guinea Pig Mesentery

A

Which cells do the smaller, darker, elongate nuclei belong to?
Nucleus of a fibroblast

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8
Q

What is the function of fibroblasts

A
  • Secrete fibres and ground substance
  • Thermal insulation,
  • Energy store
  • Protection against mechanical shock
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9
Q

What fibres are secreted by fibroblasts

A

Collagen

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10
Q

Where in the eye do you find aereolar connective tissue?

A

The stroma (body) of the iris

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11
Q

Monkey Gut

A

What is the white bit…

Lumen

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12
Q

How wide is the lumen of a typical goblet cell

A

11 micrometers in diameter

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13
Q

Why do all goblet cell lumen not appear to reach the surface of the gut AND what do they secrete

A

Some lumens look closed – circular shape because of the tissue attached and the angle it has been cut.
Secrete mucus via exocytosis

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14
Q

Which ocular tissue contains goblet cells and why?

A

Conjunctiva in the upper eyelid. In the conjunctiva goblet cells are a source of mucin in tears and they also secrete different types of mucins onto the ocular surface. Mucus binds aqueous and tear film in your eye + Secrete proteins

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15
Q

Why does the simple columnar epithelium appear to have several layers of nuclei?

A

Because of the way the cells were cut.

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16
Q

The Skin

A

What 3 layers does skin contain:

  • Outer epidermis
  • Underlying dermis
  • Hypodermis
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17
Q

What type of epithelium is epidermis and why

A

Stratified squamous

Protection - Skin easily flakes off if damaged therefore protection is needed so epithelial cells are present at top

18
Q

What is the outer, acellular, layer of the stratified squamous epithelium composed of?

A

Dead cells made up of keratin, good for abrasion and waterproof

19
Q

The outer surface of the cornea has a similar epithelium but the upper, acellular, layer is missing…. Why

A

So light can get through

20
Q

What is the shape of the epithelial cells in epidermis

A

Irregular dense squamous

21
Q

How thick is the entire epithelium

A

10micrometres

22
Q

What is the dermis mostly composed of

A

Irregular dense connective tissue

23
Q

What is the main protein component of irregular connective tissue

A

Collagen and elastin

24
Q

What is the advantage of irregular arrangement of the fibres

A

Support and elasticity in all different directions and sizes

25
Q

What structures does dermis contain

A
  • Hair follicles
  • Sebaceous glands
  • Sweat glands
  • Blood vessels
26
Q

Why variable appearance of hair follicles

A

Edges are darker - lots of nuclei. Lumen in centre = white

27
Q

What are the hairs in hair follicles made of

A

Keratin

28
Q

What type of epithelium lines cup in which hair follicles sit

A

Covering

29
Q

Sebaceous glands - what is the secretion

A

Holocrine, whole cell raptures and empties its contents

30
Q

What is the relationship between sebacceous gland and hair follicle

A

Sebaceous glands are usually attached to hair follicles and release a fatty substance, sebum, into the follicular duct and thence to the surface of the skin

31
Q

Function of sebacceous gland

A

Secretes oil - hydration, lubrication of skin and hair

32
Q

Why does sweat gland appear to be made up of a series of independent circular structures

A

Loose adipose tissue containing fat droplets - thermal insulation

33
Q

What sort of epithelium line blood vessels

A

Covering

34
Q

What are the functions of adipose connective tissue?

A

Thermal insulation + energy store + protect against mechanical shock

35
Q

What adipose connective tissue is associated with the eye?

A

Loose adipose connective tissue around outside of eye – surrounds lacrimal gland.

36
Q

How many layers of cells is the epithelium made of?

A

5

37
Q

What type of epithelium is sweat gland composed of?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

38
Q

Describe the range of diameters of the blood vessels you observe

A

25um

39
Q

Can you distinguish arteries from veins?

A

Veins are generally larger in diameter, carry more blood volume and have thinner walls in proportion to their lumen. Arteries are smaller, have thicker walls in proportion to their lumen and carry blood under higher pressure than veins.

40
Q

What sort of epithelium is blood vessels lined with

A

Simple squamous endothelium

41
Q

What is the average size of the adipocytes?

A

38um in diameter

42
Q

Why are these cells sometimes referred to as ‘signet ring’ cells?

A

Due to accumulation of fat particles in the cytoplasm, the nucleus of the adipose cell moves towards the cell membrane giving a look alike ring

Biology lab (13 decks)

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