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Biology lab > Lab 11 - Muscle Histology > Flashcards

Lab 11 - Muscle Histology Flashcards

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1
Q

What can muscle tissue be divided into

A

Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle

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2
Q

What is skeletal muscle

A

Attached to skeleton, involved in such things as limb movement

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3
Q

What is smooth muscle

A

Located in the hollow organs of the body such as blood vessels, and the ‘tubes’ of the respiratory & digestive system.

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4
Q

What is cardiac muscle

A

Makes up bulk of walls of the heart ( myocardium )

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5
Q

What does skeletal and cardiac muscle look like under the microscope

A

Light and dark bands

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6
Q

Are skeletal and cardiac muscle striated or non striated

A

Striated

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7
Q

What can striated muscles do

A

Generate a lot of force quickly

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8
Q

Properties of smooth muscle

A
  • Less forceful

- Lacks striations

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9
Q

What muscles innervated by ANS

A

Smooth and cardiac
Their contractions cannot be consciously controlled.
Invoulantary muscle

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10
Q

What muscle is innervated by Somatic NS

A

Skeletal
Contractions are under conscious control.
Voluntary

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11
Q

What are muscles composed of

A

Number of individual muscle cells

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12
Q

What are muscle cells referred to as

A

Muscle fibres - elongated

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13
Q

Properties of muscle fibres

A
  • Filled with cytoplasm (sarcoplasm) and are enclosed by a plasma membrane (the ‘sarcolemma’).
  • Contain all the usual organelles (mitochondria, nucleus etc.
  • Much of the cell is filled with the contractile proteins (myofilaments) actin and myosin.
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14
Q

Properties of muscle cells

A
  • Held together by connective tissue elements, which also transmit the blood supply to the muscle cells
  • Heavily innervated - so when you look at muscle tissue under the microscope you will see blood vessels, connective and nervous tissue
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15
Q

How many groups of skeletal muscle are associated with the eye

A

2

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16
Q

6 extraocular muscles

A
  • Attach to the skull posteriorly and insert into the sclera of the eye anteriorly
  • They serve to move the eye in various directions
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17
Q

What does skeletal muscle do in terms of the eye

A

Raising and lowering the eyelids

e. g. orbicularis occuli is a facial muscle that, encircles the eye and its contraction results in eye closure.
e. g. levator palpebrae superioris, raises the eyelid. - located above the eye

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18
Q

What is the advantage of skeletal muscles being striated rather than smooth

A

Have more forceful contractions

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19
Q

What are the dimensions of skeletal muscle cells

A

Can be very long (3-4 cm) and relatively wide (up to 150mm).
= LARGE AND MULTINUCLEATE

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20
Q

What is levator palpebrae superioris muscles stained with

A

Toluidine blue

21
Q

What are the white spaces shown in extraocular muscle

A

Blood vessels

22
Q

What are the blue fragments shown in extraocular muscle

A

Nuclei

23
Q

What are other structures in extraocular muscle

A

Axons

Myelin

24
Q

What is the bulk of a skeletal muscle cells’ interior occupied by and what does this result in

A

The contractile proteins, actin and myosin

Consequently the nuclei and other intracellular organelles are pushed to the edge of the cell against the sarcolemma.

25
Q

Identify the nuclei and the location of the other organelles in skeletal muscle cel

A

Pushed to the edge of the cells. Straited skeletal muscle - more than one nuclei per cell

26
Q

Do the fibres branch in skeletal muscle

A

No

27
Q

How are microfilaments arranged in skeletal muscle

A

(actin and myosin) are arranged in an orderly overlapping manner into sarcomeres (

28
Q

What is a myofibril

A

Made of series of end to end sarcomeres

29
Q

What is the relationship between a myofibril and a muscle fibre?

A

Myofibrils run the entire length of the muscle fiber and many myofibrils are found in a muscle fiber

30
Q

What is longitudinal axis

A

Along axis of the cell

31
Q

What is transverse section

A

Cross section - fibres coming towards you out of the page

32
Q

How are fibres of many skeletal muscles such as superior oblique arranged

A

Bundled together in fascicles

33
Q

What is epimysium

A

Surrounds the entire muscle

The interstitial connective tissue of muscle is subdivided into the epimysium

34
Q

What is perimusium

A

Sheath of connective tissue that groups muscle fibers into bundles

35
Q

What is endomysium

A

Connective tissue that surrounds each muscle fiber

36
Q

Why does the muscle under higher power no longer appear striated

A

Transverse section – planar section same orientation as striations – striations no longer perpendicular to planar sections

37
Q

What are the small holes in the muscle fibres

A

Blood vessels

38
Q

Do all muscle fibres look the same in skeletal muscle

A
  • No- have slightly different densities- are in different states, depends where you cut through – straight through plane (Actin or myosin)- every muscle fibre wouldn’t have the same number of myofibrils.
  • Nuclei to the edges .
39
Q

Properties of smooth muscles fibres

A
  • Contain far less actin and myosin, and these contractile proteins are randomly arranged inside the cell, which accounts for its lack of regular striations. - Smooth muscle tissue is found in the walls of glands and of hollow structures within the body (i.e, the digestive, respiratory, urinogenital & vascular systems), the movements of which are not under voluntary control.
  • Spindle shaped cells
40
Q

What is dimension of smooth muscle cells

A

Much smaller (only 20-500 mm long) and thinner (~5 mm wide)

41
Q

What is the function of ciliary muscle?

A

Change the shape of the lens in the eye to help with focusing

42
Q

Apart from size and the lack of striations, how else does a smooth muscle cell differ morphologically from a skeletal muscle fibre?

A

Smooth muscle – single nucleus
Skeletal muscle fibres are cylindrical, multinucleated, striated, and under voluntary control.
Smooth muscle cells are spindle shaped, have a single, centrally located nucleus, and lack striations. They are called involuntary muscles.

43
Q

Physiologically, how does smooth muscle compare to skeletal muscle

A

Skeletal muscle is under voluntary control whereas smooth muscle is under involuntary control

44
Q

What advantages does smooth muscle have over skeletal muscle?

A
  • It uses less energy (which is good as smooth muscle is continuously active) - energy efficient
  • Ones does not want to generate a lot of force
45
Q
  • It uses less energy (which is good as smooth muscle is continuously active) - energy efficient
  • Ones does not want to generate a lot of force
A

The strong wave-like motions of the smooth muscle in the esophagus carry the food to the stomach, where it is churned into a liquid mixture called chyme

46
Q

What type of epithelium lines the oesophagus?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

47
Q

What determines amount of artery surrounding smooth muscle

A

Type of artery

48
Q

Property of veins

A
  • Generally have less muscle in their tunica media = Walls are usually thinner
49
Q

Why do arteries have a smooth muscle component?

A

This is because they have to carry pumped blood away from the heart to all the organs and tissues that need the oxygenated blood. Maintain and control blood pressure

Biology lab (13 decks)

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