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Bacteriology Labs > Lab 3 > Flashcards

Lab 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Habitat of STAPHYLOCOCCUS

A
  • skin,
  • mucous membrane,
  • food, plant,
  • soil,
  • water

Good resistance, can resist hyperosmotic conditions. Cannot tolerate heat.

Weeks, days

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2
Q

Culture STAPHYLOCOCCUS

A

Nutrient/blood agar
Golden/white pigment that doesnt solve in media (hydrophobic)
Som have beta haemolysis
Selective culture - has common habitat so often found together with other spp can tolerate hyperosmotic conditions

Gram+

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3
Q

Virulence factors of STAPHYLOCOCCUS

A

Ec enzymes: coagulase so immune cells dont disturbe the bacteria, fibrinolysin will lyse the clot after so the bacteria can spread
Toxin: hyaluronidase will damage the wbc for easy propegation (haemolysis in culture)

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4
Q

Pathogenicity of STAPHYLOCOCCUS

A

Local diseases like abcesses, arthritis Caused mostly bu S. aureus subsp. aureus.

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5
Q

Specis of STAPHYLOCOCCUS

A

Coagulase positive and negative spp

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6
Q

Coagulase positive species

A

S. aureus subsp. anaerobius. Causes Morel’s disease in sheep.

extracellular enzymes, toxins, mannitol + (can split it), haemolysis. More pathogenic.

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7
Q

Coagulase neg species of STAPHYLOCOCCUS

A

S. hyicus (parts is pos) - exudative epidermis/greasy pig disease in piglets.

Can produce only a few enzymes and less toxins.

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8
Q

Habitat and pathogenicity of micrococcus - importance

A

environment, mucous membrane, food, skin(same as staph)

Saprophytes - the imprtant thing of this genus is to differentiate it from the staphylococcus:
Glycose fermentation aerobic or missing. (For differentiation from S. which can be aerobic or anaerobic).

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9
Q

Streptococcus habitat and morphology

A

skin, mucous membrane, (different part; food, milk, digestive track)

Capsule can be a virulence factor as some spp prod hyaluridic acid and polysacchride -> ag in s. Suis and pneumonia, identification

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10
Q

Streptococcus staining and resistance

A

Gram positive

Good resistance - days

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11
Q

Culture of streptococcus

A

Festidious - blood/serum agar, some need co2

Selective - bc of blood and mucous membrane habitat its difficult to culture

Heamolytic alpha beta and gamma

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12
Q

traits of streptococcus that differentiates it from staphylococcus

Special traits

A

Form chains and not clusters, difference in catalase(-) and streptococcus are more fastidious.

(Some spp of streptococcus produce antibiotics. Some spp are found in natural flora of throat.)

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13
Q

Ags of streptococcus

A

Too complex to be used for identification, (lancefield) not specific enough - agglutination

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14
Q

Resistance and pathogenicity(diseases) of streptococcus

A

Medium

Local suppuration! Mastits, arthritis etc., septicaemia is imp on horses - strangles

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15
Q

Importance species and their diseases, streptococcus

A

S. pyogenes: capsule, scarlet fever in humans, rheumatic fever. Can cause ear and resp. infection and sore throat.

S. equi subsp. equi: strangles in Eq, can produce a hyaluronic acid capsule.

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16
Q

Culture of enterococcus: miljø

A

10-45 oC, pH 9,6 Lancefield D

17
Q

Pathogenicity and habitat, enterococcus

A

Mainly saprophytes, sometimes cause encocarditis and abscesses. Found in the gut, mucous membranes (genital and resp.) Cause α-hemolysis.

  • E. faecalis
  • E. Faecium
18
Q

Anaerobic cocci

A

Peptococcus, (metritis, arthritis, pneumonia)

  • Peptostreptococcus, ( -“-)
  • Ruminococcus, (saprophyte)
  • Sarcina (saprophyte) In rumen or large intestine of monogastrics
19
Q

Lactobacillus habitat and culture

A

Mucous membranes (GI, urogenital), gut, food, feed, plant.

Microaerophilic,
- Optimal temperature 30-40 oC (2-53 oC), - pH 5,5-6,2 (lower than usual, acidic)

20
Q

Morph and staining of lactobacillus

A

Long, thin, sometimes curved rods.

Staining: Gram positive

21
Q

Pathogenicity lactobacillus

A

Saprophytes

22
Q

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae habitat

A

Alimentary tract (especially Su), mud, slime of fishes, water.

23
Q

Morphology of Erysipelothrix

A

1-3 μm thin rods, S-R, form long chains. (Capsule very thin polysaccharide layer).
E. isolated from acute phases S colonies. And isolated from chronic phases R colonies.

24
Q

Staining Erysipelothrix

A

Gram positive

25
Q

Culture: Erysipelothrix

A 
Nutrient agar, forms small colonies. Not very fastidious. On blood agar, some strains cause α-hemolysis.
S-R colonies
Broth:
- S: uniform turbidity
- R: sediment Selective:
- NaN3 + crystal violet
- Neomycin = antibiotic
26
Q

Resistance of Erysipelothrix

A

Good, soil, halotolerance – can resist higher osmotic pressure. Good in environment and especially in water. Can resist salt

27
Q

Pathogenicity of Erysipelothrix, important disease

A

Facultative pathogenic.
Su: Erysipelas
Chronic erysipelas (diamond skin disease in Su)

28
Q

Listeria habitat

A

Soil, sewage, plants, silage, gut, food.

Differentiation from E which are primarily found in mucous membranes and L in soil and environment

29
Q

Morphology of listeria

A

1-2 μm thick rods, flagella (only produced if its room-temp. 22 oC). The rods usually attach to each other

30
Q

Staining of listeria

A

Gram +

31
Q

Culture listeria

A

Simple (habitat is soil – demands are low) Forms white-grey colonies. β-haemolysis if cultured on blood agar.
4-45 oC
Selective:
- Cattle serum – trypaflavin – nalidixic acid (antibiotic) Selective enrichment:
In case you have isolations of bacteria of low number.
- Cold enrichment: 4°C, put the broth culture in the fridge. Normal bacteria don’t propagate at this temp.
- U-tube: Inoculation into a U-shaped tube. At the other end of the tube pure culture for reisolation can be obtained. This is due to the fact that Listeria produces flagella at room-temp. Other bacteria don’t move at this temp.

32
Q

Antigens of listeria

A

Cell wall polysaccharide antigens.
- Flagellar protein antigens.
Both antigens are composite, and the antigens can combine.

33
Q

Resistance listeria

A

Months in soil, propagate (!) since the temp. is advantagable. Can propagate in silage if the pH isn’t below 5.5.

34
Q

Pathogenicity of listeria, imp diseases

A 
Facultative pathogenic
Sheep: Mainly CNS signs, listeriosis.
Cattle: CNS signs, abortion.
Rabbit: Abortion, septicaemia.
Hu: Abortion, new born septicaemia, encephalitis.

Bacteriology Labs (4 decks)

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