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Bacteriology Labs > Lab 2 > Flashcards

Lab 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the staining of gram +

A

Fixed smear = colorless

Crystal violet, lugol, alcohol and fuchsin give purple/blue stain

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2
Q

What is the staining of gram -

A

Fixed smear = colorless
Crystal violet, lugol and give purple/blue stain

fuchsin gives red/pink
Alcohol works as a decolorizer on gram- only, colorless

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3
Q

Zieh-Neelsen staining + gives what staining

A

Fixed smear=colorless

Carbol-fuchsin, acid/alcohol and nethylene blue gives red

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4
Q

Zieh-Neelsen staining -gives what staining

A

Fixed smear=colorless

Carbol-fuchsin gives red, acid/alcohol give colorless and methylene blue gives blue

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5
Q

Bacillus - general

Habitat and staining

A

environment, soil, widely, mineralisation

Gram+

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6
Q

Bacillus - general

Propegation

A

Spore producing on air and propegation in air -> aerobic

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7
Q

Culture needs Bacillus - general

A

Obligate aerobic or faculative anaerobic

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8
Q

Bacillus - general

Motility and pathogenicity

A

Motile, most are saprophytes

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9
Q

B. Anthracis

Habitat and morphology

A

Animals, environment - eg. Spores can be found in soil after death of animal with pathogen inside

Large with a central spore

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10
Q

B. Anthracis pathogenicity

A

Obligate pathogen, kills within days (small ru mainly)

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11
Q

B. Anthracis staining

A

Gram+
Toluieine-blue give blue chains with pink capsule - two colors, metachromatic staining

Spores remain colorless bc wall

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12
Q

B. Anthracis culture needs

A

Obligate aerobic

nutrient agar, nutrient broth, blood agar is best(but cannot show haemolysis here!)

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13
Q

B. Anthracis colony type, why

A

Both r and s typendepending on the capsule. 5-10% is needed for capsule production, the capsule give S colonies, R if not enough CO2

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14
Q

B. Anthracis virulence

A

If there are enough co2 , a cspsule will be produced, which is a plasmid encoded capsule

Poly-D-glutamic acid is a virulence factor which inhibits phagocytosis by neg charge

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15
Q

Spore production of B. Anthracis

A

Min. (12)15•C, water and O2 (and cations) ae needed - eg wont be enough ox inside carcass for spore prod, must open carcass

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16
Q

Biochemistry of B. Anthracis

A

Active metabolism, catalase+ and oxidase-

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17
Q

Serotyping of B. Anthracis

A

The antigen structure is uniform - cannot be used for identification

Polysaccharide hapten of cell wall give immune response if bound, and can be used for identification eg. Ascoli test can be used, but there can be a false oos as it forms cross reaction with b. Cereus

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18
Q

Toxins of b. Anthracis

A

Found in cell wall, there are three parts: • oedema factor (plasmid coded) • lethal factor (plasmid coded)
• protective antigen

The PA must be bound for the other enzyme componants(oedema and lethql factor) to give their symptoms

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19
Q

Who are affected by b. Anthracis

A

Bees are totally resistant be they have high body temp, spore loose virulence at 41-42 degrees c

Dogs, pigs, ppl and horse it is usually less acute but still potentially fatal

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20
Q

B. Anthracis pathogenicity

A

Obligate pathogenic in ru mostly

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21
Q

What differentiates b. Anthracis from the othe bacillus spp?

A

All species except B. anthracis are motile and saprophytes

B. Cereus is hemolytic on blood agar.

B. Cereus and anthracis need co2 for casule production

22
Q

General clostridium- motility, staining, catalase, oxidase and envirement requirements, spore

A

Motile with no capsule except c. Perfringens

anaerobic spore forming, gram +, catalase and oxidase -

23
Q

Habitat pf clostridium generalspp

A

Soil, mud water, gut in humans (to environment by faeces)

24
Q

Culture clostridium

A

Blood agar is needed but they survive in nutrient agar.

Obligate anaerobic though the ox tolerence differs btw spp.

Most like 37•c, but perfringens like 40-45 and putrefaciens 15-22•c

25
Q

Ag in clostridium spp

A

Too complex to use for diagnostics

26
Q

Resistance clostridium

A

Veg bacterium is medium, spores are high (dry environment, heat, for years) in resistance

27
Q

C. Chavoei and c. Septicum belong to which pathogenicity group

A

Histotoxic species

28
Q

C perfringens a-e and c. Colinum, c. Difficile belong to which pathogenicity group

A

enteropathogenic and enterotoxaemia-producing species

29
Q

C. Tetani and c. Botulinum belongs to which pathogenicity group

A

Neurotoxic spp

30
Q

C. Piliforme belongs to which pathogenicity group

A

Atypical

31
Q

Virulence factors clostridium

A

exotoxins (some of them are extracellular enzymes) • extracellular enzymes

32
Q

Malignant oedema is caused by eg.

A

C. Septicum

33
Q

Blackleg is caused by

A

C. Chauvoei

34
Q

Human gas gangrene is caused by

A

C. Perfringens A

35
Q

necrotic enteritis of chicken is caused by

A

C. perfringens A/C

36
Q

Lamb dystentery

A

C. Perfringens B

37
Q

Necrotic enteritis of pigs, struck

A

C. Perfringens c

38
Q

Pulpy kidney disease

A

C. Perfringens d

39
Q

Enterotoxemia

A

C. Perfringens E

40
Q

Ulcerative enteritis of chicken

A

C. Colinium

41
Q

Chronic enteritis of piglets, foals and humans

A

C. Difficile

42
Q

Tetenus

A

C. Tetani

43
Q

Botulism

A

C. Botulinum

44
Q

Gas gangrene, infectious necrotic hepatitis

A

Cl. Novyi A/B

B only for inh

C isnt pathogenic!

45
Q

Cattle bacillary haemoglobinuria

A

C. Haemolyticum

46
Q

paenibacillus polymyxa / Paenibacillus (Bacillus)

A

American foul brood of honey bees

only affects the larval stages of honeybees. The absorption of fewer than 10 spores of this pathogen by the larvae is sufficient to cause a fatal colony infection

Spore forming - burn the beehive!

47
Q

Difference in the symptoms of tetanus vs botulism

A

In botulism a descending flaccid paralysis occurs whereas in tetanus generalized muscle spasms develop

48
Q

C. Piliforme culture, disease

A

Cannot be cultured, only in live cells

Tyzzer-disease dog cat foal

49
Q

C. Botulinum heat stability

A

Rel heat stable, spores 3-4h in boiling! Extremely resistant

50
Q

Köster differentiates which spp

A

Brucella

51
Q

Stamp / modified Ziehl-Neelsen differentiates which spp

A

Chlamydia

Bacteriology Labs (4 decks)

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