lab 3 Flashcards
What is characteristic 1 of kingdom protista?
eukaryotic- all protist have a nucleus (some have more than one)
what is characteristic 2 of kingdom protista?
unicellular-made up of one cell (kelp and algae are exceptions)
what is characteristic 3 of kingdom protista?
means of locomotion-many are able to move
what do protist use to move?
1.flagella-tail like whip
2.cilia-hair like structure
3.psuedopods-false feet
what is characteristic 4 of kingdom protista?
classified by niche
what are the niches of characteristic 4 of kingdom protista?
1.producer
2.consumer
3.decomposer
what are the supergroups of kingdom protista?
1.excavata
2. SAR
3. Archaeplastida
4.Unikonta
some kingdom protista are heterotrophic T or F?
T
some kingdom protista are autotrophic T or F?
T
how do protista reproduce?
asexually and sexually
some protista are simple multicellular T or F?
T
what separates protists from bacteria?
having a nucleus surrounded by nuclear membrane
what are the 4 main SUBgroups of SUPERgroup excavata?
1.euglenids
2.diplomonads
3.kinetoplastids
4.parabasalids
what is supergroup excavata named for?
named for its deep grooves in cytoskeleton that appear to be excavated
why is supergroup excavata atypical?
mitochondria are absent or aytpical
how is supergroup excavata grouped?
grouped based on their appearance of cytoskeletons
what is an example in the SUBgroup euglenids of the SUPERgroup excavata?
euglena
where do euglena live?
primarily in freshwater, but important in marine environments
are euglena heterotrophic or autotrophic?
heterotrophic
what is a pellicle?
a distinctive cell wall composed of spiral strips in euglena
what is an eyespot?
a spot on euglena that is sensitive to light
what is an example in the SUBgroup kinetoplastids of the SUPERgroup Excavata?
trypanosoma
how is trypanosoma passed to humans?
passed from the tsetse fly
what disease does tstse flys cause?
african sleeping disease
how does trypanosoma escape humans defenses?
trypanosomas alter their molecular structure frequently
what is trypanosoma’s 1 singular organelle?
single large mitochondria- contains an organized mass of DNA called Kinetoplast(posterior) and a nucleus (center)
how are trypanosomas living?
free living, symbiotic or parasitic
what does supergroups SAR stand for?
1.stramenopiles
2.alveolates
3.rhizarians
metabolically what does supergroup SAR include?
chemoheterotrophs, photoautotrophs, mixotrophs
what are chemoheterotrophs?
an organism that derives its energy from chemicals and needs to eat other organisms in order to live
what are photoautrotrophs?
photosynthetic organism
what are mixotrophs?
organisms that are both chemoheterotrophs and photoautrotrophs
what supergroup has some of the most important photosynthetic organisms on earth?
supergroup SAR
What are dinoflagellates covered with?
cellulose plates
what is an example of an Alveolate in the supergroup SAR
dinoflagellate
what is the pigment dinoflagellates have and its color?
fucoxanthin and it has yellow-brown pigment
what do dinoflagellates cells contain?
cells contain fucoxanthin pigment and chloroplasts
what organism produces RED TIDES that kill marine organisms?
dinoflagellates
what supergroup is paramecium apart of in the supergroup SAR?
alveolates
what subgroup is stentor apart of in the supergroup SAR?
alveolates
what supergroup is plasmodium apart of in the supergroup SAR?
alveolates
what kind of nucleus do paramecium have?
one macronucleus and at least one micronucleus
what does the macronucleus do?
participates in the daily activies of growth and reproduction
what does the micronucleus do?
remains dormant until the cell undergoes a sexual process
how are paramecium characterized?
by an external covering of hair like cilia
what supergroup is stentor apart of in the supergroup SAR?
alveolates
what is stentor named for?
named for its horn-shape
how do stentors get food?
have cilia around the anterior “bell” that sweep in food and aid in swimming
what subgroup is plasmodium (apicomplexa) apart of?
alveolates
what disease does plasmodia cause?
malaria disease
how is malaria passed?
infective stage is carried by intermediate hosts (mosquitoes)
what parts of the human body does the plasmodium organism attack?
attacks the liver and red blood cells
protist lack any locomotory organelles T or F?
T
what supergroup do diatoms belong to in the supergroup SAR?
stramenopile
how are diatoms cell walls?
diatoms cell wall has two shells made of silica that overlap and fit together
where are diatoms adundant?
abundant in plankton and in sediments in marine and freshwater ecosystems
why are diatoms important?
among the most important aquatic microorganisms today (primary producers)
what supergroup does brown algae (phaeophytes) belong to in supergroup SAR
stramenopile
what is another name for brown algae (phaeophytes)?
seaweed
what structures do brown algae possess?
leaf like blades, stem-like stipes, and anchoring structures called holdfasts
what does brown algae bladders provide?
provide buoyancy for stipes and blades
what supergroup does foraminiferans(foram) belong to in supergroup SAR?
rhizaria
what were foraminaferans named for?
named for porous calcium carbonate shells
how does foraminiferans use pseudopodia?
psuedopodia extend through the pores and function in swimming, shell formation, and feeding
what percent of forams are fossils?
90%
what members are foraminiferans apart of ?
members of plankton
what supergroup does radiolarians belong to in supergroup SAR?
rhizaria
what is actinopoda in radiolarians?
ray foot (form a radial pattern)
what is pseudopodia in radiolarians called?
axopodium
how does radiolarians get food?
smaller protists and microorganisms stick to the axopodia and are phagocytized(ingested) by a thin layer of cytoplasm
what are radiolarians shells made of ?
silica
Are Brown Algae (phaeophytes) the largest protist and multicellular?
yes
