lab 2 Flashcards
what is a phylogeny?
evolutionary history of a species or group of related species
what does systematics do?
systematics classifies organisms and determines their evolutionary relationships
what is taxonomy?
is the ordered division and naming of organisms
what is the binomial name?
two part scientific name of a species
what is the genus name?
the first part of the organisms name and it is always capitalized and italicized
what is a species name?
the second part of the organisms name and is written in lowercase and italicized
what is the taxonomic groups from least to most specific ?
-domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
what is a taxon?
a taxonomic unit at any level of hierarchy
what are phylogenies intended to show?
they are intended to show patterns of descent NOT phenotypic similarity
what is a clade?
a group of species that includes an ancestral species and all it descendants (only monophyletic groups are considered clades)
what is a monophyletic group?
groups consisting of the ancestors and ALL of its descendants
what is a paraphyletic group?
group that consists of an ancestral species and some but NOT ALL of its descendants
what is a polyphyletic group?
a group that includes distantly related species but NOT their most recent common ancestor
what is a shared ancestral character?
a character that originated in an ancestor of the taxon
what is a shared derived character?
an evolutionary novelty unique to a particular clade (loss of features and new features can be shared derived characters)
