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Pathology (Em's Notes) > Lab 2: Patterns of Necrosis > Flashcards

Lab 2: Patterns of Necrosis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the six types of necrosis?

A
  1. Coagulative
  2. Liquefactive
  3. Fat
  4. Caseous
  5. Fibrinoid
  6. Gangrenous
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2
Q

What is coagulative necrosis seen in?

A

Ischemia/infarcts in most tissue (except brain)

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3
Q

What is liquefactive necrosis seen in?

A

Bacterial abscesses, brain infarcts

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4
Q

What is caseous necrosis seen in?

A

TB, systemic fungi

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5
Q

What is fat necrosis seen in?

A

Enzymatic: acute pancreatitis
Nonenzymatic: traumatic

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6
Q

What is fibrinoid necrosis seen in?

A

Immune reactions in vessels, preeclampsia, malignant hypertension

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7
Q

Gangrenous

A

Distal extremity and GI tract, after chonic ischemia

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8
Q

What happens in coagulative necrosis?

A

Ischemia or infarction; proteins denature, then enzymatic degradation

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9
Q

What happens in liquefactive necrosis?

A

Neutrophils release lysosomal enzymes that digest the tissue; enzymatic degradation first, then proteins denature

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10
Q

What happens in caseous necrosis?

A

Macrophages wall off the infecting microorganism –> granular debris

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11
Q

What happens in fat necrosis?

A

Damaged cells release lipase to break down triglycerides, liberating fatty acids to bind calcium –> saponification

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12
Q

What happens in fibrinoid necrosis?

A

Immune reactions in vessels, preeclampsia, malignant hypertension

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13
Q

What is gangrenous necrosis?

A

Dry: ischemia
Wet: superinfection

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14
Q

Infarct of heart?

A

Coagulative

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15
Q

Infarct of kidney?

A

Coagulative

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16
Q

Infarct of brain?

A

Liquefactive

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17
Q

Trauma to breast?

A

Fat

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18
Q

TB or fungal infection?

A

Caseous

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19
Q

Vasculitis

A

Fibrinoid

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20
Q

Gangrene on a diabetic?

A

Gangrenous

21
Q

Abscess?

A

Liquefactive

22
Q

Pancreatitis?

A

Liquefactive and fat

23
Q

Dystrophic calcification: Etiology?

A

Secondary to injury or necrosis

24
Q

Dystrophic calcification: Tissues involved?

A

Abnormal

25
Q

Dystrophic calcification: serum calcium level?

A

Normal

26
Q

Dystrophic calcification: extent of involvement?

A

Localized

27
Q

Metastatic calcification: etiology?

A

Secondary to hypercalcemia

28
Q

Metastatic clarification: tissues involved?

A

Normal

29
Q

Metastatic clarification: serum calcium level?

A

High

30
Q

Metastatic calcification: extent of involvement?

A

Widespread

31
Q

Three signs of left heart failure?

A

1 - Orthopnea
2 - Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
3 - Pulmonary edema

32
Q

Three signs of right heart failure?

A

1 - Hepatomegaly
2 - Jugular venous distention
3 - Peripheral edema

33
Q

What are the three types of ischemic stroke?

A

1 - Thrombotic
2 - Embolic
3 - Hypoxic

34
Q

Which tissues contain CK - MM?

A

Skeletal and Cardiac

35
Q

Which tissues contain CK - MB?

A

Cardiac

36
Q

Hypereosinophilia

A

Acidosis, loss of the hemotoxylin-blue-staining DNA

37
Q

Pyknosis

A

Nucleus shrinks into a condensed knot

38
Q

Karyorhexis

A

Chromatin gets fragmented

39
Q

Karyolysis

A

Nucleus fades/disintegrates

40
Q

Hemorrharge

A

12-18hrs into MI

41
Q

What are reversible cell injury changes?

A
  • Cellular swelling
  • Nuclear chromatin clumping
  • Decreased ATP synthesis
  • Decreased glycogen
  • Decreased fatty change
  • Ribosomal detachment
42
Q

What are irreversible cell injury changes?

A
  • Nuclear pyknosis, karyolysis, karyorrhexis
  • Ca2+ influx –> caspase activation
  • Plasma membrane damage
  • Lysosomal rupture
  • Mitochondrial permeability

OCCURS WITHIN 30 MINTUTES

43
Q

What is the most severely injured site of necrosis in the heart?

A

Subendocardium

44
Q

What three elevated lab tests would indicate dying myocytes?

A

CK-MB
Troponins
LDH

45
Q

Day 1-3 in dead tissue

A

Neutrophils dissolve and phagocytize dead tissue

46
Q

Day 2-7 in dead tissue

A

Macrophages phagocytize dead tissue

47
Q

Week 1-2 to 2 mo. in dead tissue

A

Fibroblasts deposit collagen, resulting in scar tissue

48
Q

Post-MI Complications: Intermediate

A

Arrhythmias

Pathology (Em's Notes) (10 decks)

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