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medscionefourtwo > Lab 2 - Human brain > Flashcards

Lab 2 - Human brain Flashcards

1
Q

corpus callosum

A

white matter.

Commissural fibres which link the L and R hemispheres

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2
Q

the _______ is grey matter thrown into ridges: _______ and folds: _______

A

the cortex is grey matter thrown into ridges: gyri and folds: sulci

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3
Q

location of the primary visual cortex

A

in the occipital lobe, centered over the calcarine sulcus

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4
Q

location of the basal ganglia. Which parts are visible?

A

the basal ganglia are deeply buried in each hemisphere. The head of the caudate nucleus will likely be visible as a bulge on the wall of the lateral ventricle

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5
Q

Thalamus structure, function and location

A
  • two lobes connected by the intermediate mass
  • relays almost all of sensory input to the cortex
  • large structure under the lateral ventricle and surrounded by the 3rd ventricle around the intermediate mass
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6
Q

hypothalamus structure, function and location

A
  • small “triangular” shaped
  • controls internal body functions, and the autonomic nervous system
  • superior to the pituitary and inferior to the thalamus and 3rd ventricle
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7
Q

pituitary gland

A

a gland attached to the hypothalamus and controlled by it, but always torn off when the brain is removed from the skull because it is embedded into the skull

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8
Q

4 things that make up the diencephalon of the forebrain

A
  1. thalamus
  2. hypothalamus
  3. pituitary gland
  4. third ventricle
  5. internal capsule
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9
Q

lateral ventricle

A

contains choroid plexus for CSF production

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10
Q

if a groove is deep it is called

A

fissure

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11
Q

mamillary body

A

reflexes to smell

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12
Q

midbrain constitutes…

A
  1. superior and inferior colliculi
  2. cerebral aqueduct
  3. cerebral peduncles
  4. substantia nigra
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13
Q

superior and inferior colliculi

A

superior colliculus = reflexes to sight

inferior colliculus = reflexes to sound

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14
Q

cerebral aqueduct

A

links the 3rd and the 4th ventricles.

matchstick size.

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15
Q

cerebral peduncles is a ______ _______ ______ which makes up the floor of the _______. They carry information between the _______ and the spinal cord (__________ fibres) and between the ________ and the pons (___________ fibres).

A

cerebral peduncles is a white matter tract which makes up the floor of the midbrain. They carry information between the cortex and the spinal cord (corticospinal fibres) and between the cortex and the pons (corticopontine fibres).

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16
Q

Hindbrain structures include…

A
  1. pons
  2. medulla
  3. cerebellum
  4. 4th ventricle
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17
Q

pons

A

carries corticospinal fibres and nuclei of cranial nerves

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18
Q

medulla

A

carries corticospinal fibres e.g. the pyramids, cranial nerve nuclei, and grey matter (which controls breathing and heart).

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19
Q

cerebellum

A

fine motor control , balance

IPSILATERAL control

20
Q

brainstem =

A

midbrain + hindbrain - cerebellum

21
Q

how to identify the central sulcus

A

follow back the three gyri of the frontal lobe (superior frontal, middle frontal, inferior frontal) until they crossed by a major gyrus running transversely across the hemisphere = precentral gyrus.

22
Q

most superior lobe of the brain

A

parietal

23
Q

which lobe is defined by the central sulcus and the lateral fissure

A

frontal

24
Q

lobe inferior to the lateral fissure

A

temporal

25
Q

most posterior lobe of the brain

A

occipital

26
Q

pre-central gyrus

A

primary motor cortex

27
Q

post-central gyrus

A

primary somatosensory cortex

28
Q

exner’s area

A
  • coordinates/controls hand movements for writing
  • middle frontal gyrus
  • anterior to the pre-central gyrus
29
Q

Broca’s speech area

A
  • coordinates/controls larynx and tongue for speech
  • inferior frontal gyrus
  • anterior to the pre-central gyrus
30
Q

Wernicke’s speech area

A
  • main processing centre for spoken language
  • sounds become speech with meaning
  • posterior to the PAC below the lateral fissure
31
Q

longitudinal fissure

A

separates left and right hemispheres

32
Q

supramarginal and angular gyri

A

interprets visual symbols as written words

33
Q

primary auditory cortex

A

tonotopic representation of sounds, adjacent and anterior to Wernicke’s

34
Q

primary visual cortex

A

visuotopic

35
Q

the putamen and globus pallidus sit _______ and ________ to the thalamus.

A

the putamen and globus pallidus sit lateral and anterior to the thalamus.

36
Q

the caudate nucleus is _-_______ with its large head attached to the ________ anteriorly.

A

the caudate nucleus is c-shaped with its large head attached to the putamen anteriorly.

37
Q

how does the folding of the cortex affect its available area?

A

triples it

38
Q

3 structures which make up the superficial part of the hemispheres in the forebrain

A
  1. cerebral cortex
  2. corpus callosum
  3. lateral ventricles
  4. primary visual cortex
39
Q

what makes up the basal ganglia of the forebrain?

A
  1. caudate nucleus
  2. putamen
  3. globus pallidus
40
Q

function of the basal ganglia

A

motor centres which initiate and terminate gross body movements, and control muscle tone.

41
Q

commissural fibres

A

link BETWEEN HEMISPHERES e.g. corpus callosum L to R

42
Q

projection fibres

A

link SUPERIOR and INFERIOR structures e.g. internal capsule inf. to sup.

43
Q

association fibres

A

link ANTERIOR to POSTERIOR e.g. arcuate fasciculus

44
Q 
hearing a question and speaking a reply:
receive input:
understand:
plan response:
conduct response:
feedback:
A 
hearing a question and speaking a reply:
receive input: PAC
understand: Wernicke's
plan response: Broca's
conduct response: PMC
feedback: PAC - Wernicke's
45
Q 
reading a written question and writing a reply:
receive input:
understand:
plan response:
conduct response:
feedback:
A

reading a written question and writing a reply:
receive input: PVC
understand: Supramarginal and angular gyri
plan response: Exner’s area
conduct response: PMC
feedback: PVC - Supramarginal and angular gyri

medscionefourtwo (16 decks)

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