Lab 1 - Rat Dissection Flashcards
2 major body cavitites
thoracic (heart, lungs) and abdominal (intestines, stomach, liver…)
back of human/ top of rat called
dorsal (like dolphin)
lateral
away from midline
medial
towards the midline
front of human/ bottom of rat called
ventral
front of human/front of rat
anterior
back of rat/ back of human
posterior
how is friction between organs avoided?
organs encased in membranes filled with fluid
mesothelial cells
produce serous fluid. Found in the bottom of the parietal peritoneum
membrane in direct contact with the heart
visceral pericardium
what fills the cavities of the peritoneal, pleural and pericardial membranes
serous fluid
what separates the throacic and abdominal cavities?
diaphragm
membrane which surrounds the lung and is in contact with other organs/ body wall
parietal pleural membrane
which organs are found inside the peritoneal cavity
none (only serous fluid)
term given to kidneys and why
“retro peritoneal” kidneys based on the fact that they are not with the peritoneal membrane
mesentery
double layer of parietal peritoneum. Contains blood vessels, encased in fat, which carry deoxygenated, nutrient rich blood to the liver (hepatic portal vein)
opening to the trachea
glottis
differences between rat and human
- teeth: incisors lack enamel. leads to chisel-shape
- gall bladder absent in rats
- Y-shaped uterus in rats vs. pear-shaped
human pericardium
thick, strong and fibrous
membrane in direct contact with the small intestines
visceral peritoneum
when cutting through the skin of the rat, what is the first membrane encountered?
parietal peritoneum
the spleen has an important role in digestion… true/false?
FALSE - the spleen is part of the lymphatic system
what is inside the pericardial cavity?
serous fluid
does the oesophagus lie dorsal or ventral to the trachea
dorsal
2 glands in which secretion occurs in the digestive system
liver (largest) and pancreas
translucent region of the stomach
- lateral and anterior.
- FOOD STORAGE.
- no glands.
- stratified squamous epithelium
pyloric region of the stomach
- medial and posterior.
- opaque.
- DIGESTION.
- Glands release acid and enzymes.
pyloric sphincter
controls the release of chyme into the duodenum
three regions of the small intestine
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
(“DJ ileum”)
pancreas
- lies close to the greater curvature of the stomach
- exocrine cells secrete enzymes into duodenum
- endocrine cells secrete hormones into the bloodstream
- (rat pancreas) pink lobules suspended in mesentery
liver
- endocrine and exocrine
- bile production aids digestion
- bile stored in gall bladder
- large size ~4 lobes
4 parts of the large intestine
caecum, colon, rectum, anus
primary function of the large intestine
reabsorption of water
caecum
bacteria act on gut contents while they are slow-moving. terminates in a veriform appendix which contains lymphoid tissue (no appendix in rats)
colon
faeces form as water is withdrawn from the contents
rectum
leads to the anal outlet
anus
sphincter muscle which allows faeces to be voided
membrane in close contact with the kidneys
parietal peritoneum
adrenal glands
anterior pole of kidneys. cortex secretes steroid hormones, medulla secretes adrenalin
prevents food from entering the trachea
epiglottis
