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medscionefourtwo > Lab 1 - Rat Dissection > Flashcards

Lab 1 - Rat Dissection Flashcards

1
Q

2 major body cavitites

A

thoracic (heart, lungs) and abdominal (intestines, stomach, liver…)

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2
Q

back of human/ top of rat called

A

dorsal (like dolphin)

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3
Q

lateral

A

away from midline

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4
Q

medial

A

towards the midline

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5
Q

front of human/ bottom of rat called

A

ventral

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6
Q

front of human/front of rat

A

anterior

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7
Q

back of rat/ back of human

A

posterior

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8
Q

how is friction between organs avoided?

A

organs encased in membranes filled with fluid

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9
Q

mesothelial cells

A

produce serous fluid. Found in the bottom of the parietal peritoneum

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10
Q

membrane in direct contact with the heart

A

visceral pericardium

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11
Q

what fills the cavities of the peritoneal, pleural and pericardial membranes

A

serous fluid

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12
Q

what separates the throacic and abdominal cavities?

A

diaphragm

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13
Q

membrane which surrounds the lung and is in contact with other organs/ body wall

A

parietal pleural membrane

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14
Q

which organs are found inside the peritoneal cavity

A

none (only serous fluid)

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15
Q

term given to kidneys and why

A

“retro peritoneal” kidneys based on the fact that they are not with the peritoneal membrane

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16
Q

mesentery

A

double layer of parietal peritoneum. Contains blood vessels, encased in fat, which carry deoxygenated, nutrient rich blood to the liver (hepatic portal vein)

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17
Q

opening to the trachea

A

glottis

18
Q

differences between rat and human

A
  • teeth: incisors lack enamel. leads to chisel-shape
  • gall bladder absent in rats
  • Y-shaped uterus in rats vs. pear-shaped
19
Q

human pericardium

A

thick, strong and fibrous

20
Q

membrane in direct contact with the small intestines

A

visceral peritoneum

21
Q

when cutting through the skin of the rat, what is the first membrane encountered?

A

parietal peritoneum

22
Q

the spleen has an important role in digestion… true/false?

A

FALSE - the spleen is part of the lymphatic system

23
Q

what is inside the pericardial cavity?

A

serous fluid

24
Q

does the oesophagus lie dorsal or ventral to the trachea

A

dorsal

25
Q

2 glands in which secretion occurs in the digestive system

A

liver (largest) and pancreas

26
Q

translucent region of the stomach

A
  • lateral and anterior.
  • FOOD STORAGE.
  • no glands.
  • stratified squamous epithelium
27
Q

pyloric region of the stomach

A
  • medial and posterior.
  • opaque.
  • DIGESTION.
  • Glands release acid and enzymes.
28
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

controls the release of chyme into the duodenum

29
Q

three regions of the small intestine

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
(“DJ ileum”)

30
Q

pancreas

A
  • lies close to the greater curvature of the stomach
  • exocrine cells secrete enzymes into duodenum
  • endocrine cells secrete hormones into the bloodstream
  • (rat pancreas) pink lobules suspended in mesentery
31
Q

liver

A
  • endocrine and exocrine
  • bile production aids digestion
  • bile stored in gall bladder
  • large size ~4 lobes
32
Q

4 parts of the large intestine

A

caecum, colon, rectum, anus

33
Q

primary function of the large intestine

A

reabsorption of water

34
Q

caecum

A

bacteria act on gut contents while they are slow-moving. terminates in a veriform appendix which contains lymphoid tissue (no appendix in rats)

35
Q

colon

A

faeces form as water is withdrawn from the contents

36
Q

rectum

A

leads to the anal outlet

37
Q

anus

A

sphincter muscle which allows faeces to be voided

38
Q

membrane in close contact with the kidneys

A

parietal peritoneum

39
Q

adrenal glands

A

anterior pole of kidneys. cortex secretes steroid hormones, medulla secretes adrenalin

40
Q

prevents food from entering the trachea

A

epiglottis

medscionefourtwo (16 decks)

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