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Comparative Anatomy > Lab 2 - Development/Integument/Tooth > Flashcards

Lab 2 - Development/Integument/Tooth Flashcards

1
Q
A

Down

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2
Q
A

Filoplume

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3
Q
A

Rictal Bristles

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4
Q
A

Semiplume

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5
Q
A

Contour

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6
Q
A

Contour: Tail

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7
Q
A

Ganoid

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8
Q

Culmen on a beak

A

top edge

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9
Q

Tomia on a beak

A

cutting edge

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10
Q

Gonys on a beak

A

bottom edge

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11
Q
A

Pleurodont

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12
Q
A

Acrodont

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13
Q
A

Thecodont: Alligator

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14
Q
A

Thecodont: Pig

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15
Q
A

Brachydont/Bunodont

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16
Q
A

Hypsodont/Selenodont

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17
Q

Where is Incisors?

A

Little tooth in front

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18
Q

Where is the canine?

A

Large front tooth

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19
Q

Where is sectorial tooth/carnassial?

A

Back big tooth

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20
Q

Epiphysis

A

end of bone

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21
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft of bone

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22
Q

metaphysis

A

the gap between the epiphyses and diaphysis. (cartilage)

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23
Q

Vertebrae in mammals are entirely

A

endochondral

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24
Q

vertebrae in teleosts

A

mostly intramembranous (part cartilage, but ossifies early)

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25
Q
A

Shark fin (fin rays)

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26
Q

Types of fin rays

A

Lepidotrichia
Ceratotrichia

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27
Q

Lepidotrichia

A

found in bony fishes and ealry tetrapods

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28
Q

lepidotrichia, in the dorsal fins are solid, pointy structures

A

spines (in fish)

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29
Q

posterior fins as well as most of the other lepidotrichia are softer, branched structures called

A

Rays

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29
Q

posterior fins as well as most of the other lepidotrichia are softer, branched structures called

A

Rays

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30
Q

Chondrichthyes has

A

ceratotrichia, which are made out of keratin and are straight unbranching structures

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31
Q

what type of bone is a patella (kneecap)

A

sesamoid; they form in tendons or ligaments at points of contact with underlying bones.

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32
Q

outer part of a bone

A

compact bone

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33
Q

What do most bones start out as being?

A

trabeculae or lines of bone called Spongy or Cancellous Bone.

34
Q

keratinized projections on distal phalanges

A

claws

35
Q

what do claws consist of

A
  • hard dorsal portion: ungis
  • flakier, ventral portion: subungis
36
Q

flattened structures with little to no subungis

A

nails

37
Q

bear the weight of the animal and consists of an ungis surrounding the subungis

present in ungulates

A

hooves

38
Q

beak consists of

A

the bones themselves and the keratin coating or rhamphoteca

39
Q

antlers

A

only found in male cervids (deers). They are branched with the number of branches increasing with age.

40
Q

What are found in bovids (cows and sheeps) and consists of a living bony core and an outer layer of keratin. These are found in both sexes.

A

Horns

41
Q

what types of scales are found in chondrichthyes

A

placoid scale (small teeth on the skin made of enamel and dentin)

42
Q

have a thick layer of an enamel that was called ganoine because it was originally thought to be different from enamel.

A

ganoid scale

43
Q

what is called cosmine to form a cosmoid scale?

A

dentin

44
Q
  • derived from ganoid scales
  • layer of lamellar bone converted by a very thin layer of enamel
A

Elasmoid scales

45
Q

types of elasmoid scales

A

cycloid + ctenoid

46
Q

what type of scales do primitive fishes have?

A

cycloid

47
Q

ctenoid scales are like cycloid scales, but they have

A

tiny tooth like projections (cteni), along the posterior margin

48
Q
A

ganoid scale

49
Q

scaleless and bony fishes

A

some fishes don’t have scales.
These include primitive fishes such as hagfishes and lampreys.

50
Q

epidermal scales

A

made of keratin from the epidermis without a bony, dermal contribution

51
Q

Is hair homologous to scales?

A

No

52
Q

whiskers of most mammals are thickened hairs called

A

vibrissae

53
Q

center of a feather

A

rachis

54
Q

calamus

A

attaches the rachi to the body

55
Q

main body of the feather

A

vane

56
Q

barbs

A

These are branching from the rachis, the barbs are linked together by barbules

57
Q

flight feathers

A

the feather is highly asymmetrical around the rachis

58
Q

tail feathers

A

the feathers are generally symmetrical to mildly asymmetrical

59
Q

contour feathers

A

most of the feathers that are visible on the outside of the
body (including flight and tail feathers), contour feathers have interlocking
barbules and color distally and are downy basally.

60
Q

semiplume feather

A

these feathers are like contour, but without
interlocking barbs on the distal margin.

61
Q

filoplume feathers

A

these are modified feathers that are a long shaft with a
plume at the end. Peacock tail feathers are the most extreme example of
filoplumes.

62
Q

rictal bristles

A

these are little more than a rachis, often with some downy
material at the base. We do not have examples of these.

63
Q

down feathers

A

these fluffy feathers provide insulation to the bird. They are
generally short and with flexible barbs and no interlocking barbules. Because these feathers are generally covered by contour feathers, they are generally white.

64
Q

alligators have keratin scales like birds do; however, these are on top of bony _

A

scutes

65
Q

osteoderms

A

skin bones

66
Q

mammals are _

A

heterodonts

67
Q

what does heterodont mean?

A

different and tooth.

68
Q

incisors

A

front teeth

69
Q

hjørne tand (usuasally just one)

A

canine

70
Q

the rest of the teeth are

A

premolar and molars

71
Q

premolars are present in

A

deciduous dentition (baby teeth)

72
Q

molars are present in

A

permanent detentition (adult teeth)

73
Q

teeth for slicing and act like scissors

A

sectorial teeth

74
Q

carnissials

A

upper fourth premolar and lower first molar.

75
Q

alveolar ridge

A

place where teeth attach

76
Q

acrodont

A

fishes, amphibians, tuataras and snakes, the teeth are loosely connected to the jaw and are present in a very shallow divot

(acro - tip or extremity and refers to the fact that the teeth are held right at the edge of alveolar ridge)

77
Q

pleurodont

A

most lizards, teeth are supported on the inner wall of the jaw (pleuro - means to the side)

78
Q

thecodont

A

teeth are held in deep sockets and have bases of the teeth extended as roots (mammals)

79
Q

hypsodont

A

teeth are long

80
Q

bracydont teeth

A

short teeth (humans)

81
Q

bunodont

A

teeth have rounded cusps

82
Q

selenodont

A

teeth have crescent shaped cusps

Comparative Anatomy (9 decks)

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