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NSCI 6112: Neuroscience > Lab 2: Brain Basics & Cerebrovasculature > Flashcards

Lab 2: Brain Basics & Cerebrovasculature Flashcards

1
Q

What are the lobes of the brain? (5)

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Parietal
  3. Occipital
  4. Temporal
  5. Insula
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2
Q

What is the largest structure of the brain?

A

the cerebrum

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3
Q

What is the outer gray matter layer of the brain?

A

the cortex

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4
Q

The cerebrum is comprised of all structures rostral (anterior) to the ______, forming the majority of the brain

A

diencephalon

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5
Q

Cortex + subcortical structures = _____

A

cerebrum

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6
Q

What are the folds of the brain called?

A

gyri and sulci

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7
Q

What do the gyri and sulci do?

A

provide increased surface area for the cortex

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8
Q

Sulci “___” and gyri “___” (hills and valleys reference)

A

sink; giant

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9
Q

Which fissure essentially divides the brain in half?

A

Longitudinal

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10
Q

The _______ extends deep into the longitudinal fissure and helps provide structural support for the ___ venous sinuses of the region

A

falx cerebri

dural

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11
Q

The lateral sulcus is also known as the ______

A

sylvian fissure

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12
Q

This fissure is the groove between what looks like the thumb and the fingers of a boxing glove

A

lateral sulcus/sylvian fissure

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13
Q

The rolandic fissure is also known as _____

A

central sulcus

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14
Q

The central sulcus is just ____ to the sylvian fissure

A

anterior

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15
Q

Which sulcus can only be viewed medially?

A

parieto-occipital sulcus

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16
Q

The posterior-most continuous sulcus that extends superiorly is known as the _____

A

parieto-occipital sulcus

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17
Q

The pre-central gyrus is the primary ____ cortex, while the post-central gyrus is the primary ____ cortex

A

motor; somatosensory

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18
Q

Which gyrus is critical for planning and executing voluntary movements?

A

pre-central gyrus

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19
Q

Lower extremity innervation is mapped to more ____ portions of the gyrus while upper extremity and facial innervation is located more _____

A

medially; laterally

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20
Q

Which gyrus is a part of the parietal lobe?

A

post-central gyrus

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21
Q

Involving both the pre-central and post-central gyri, this gyrus is best viewed medially

A

paracentral lobule

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22
Q

The _______ contains lower extremity mapping for both pre and postcentral gyri

A

paracentral lobule

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23
Q

What is the function of the cingulate gyrus?

hint: single girls have to work on what?

A

emotional processing and behavioral regulation

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24
Q

What are the functions of the frontal lobe?

(hint: the frontal lobe is where ______ occurs. Use “front door” as your mnemonic. Put the front door on your forehead and put Einstein (a ____) behind the door.)

A
  1. executive functioning
  2. social cognition
  3. language (expressive)
  4. motor planning

(complex thinking; complex thinker)

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25
Q

What are the functions of the parietal lobe?

(hint: Use a “piranha” fish as your mnemonic. The piranha bites you on the top of the head (where the parietal lobe is located). That’s a _____ the parietal lobe would process.)

A

somatosensory processing (touch, taste, proprioception) and spatial awareness

(sensation)

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26
Q

What are the functions of the temporal lobe?

hint: temporal lobe helps you process ____, imagery of a drummer, a metronome (tempo) and musical notes

A

Language (receptive), auditory, memory

sound

27
Q

What are the functions of the occipital lobe?

A

vision

28
Q

What are the functions of the insula?

hint: you need to insulate yourself from the cold

A

homeostasis, self-awareness, emotion

29
Q

Where is the insula located?

A

deep within the lateral sulcus (sylvian)

30
Q

White matter tracts (axons) serve as what?

A

highways and connections bw various parts of the brain

31
Q

What is the largest white matter tract of the brain?

A

corpus callosum

32
Q

What is the function of the corpus callosum?

A

white matter tract connecting right and left cerebral hemisphere

33
Q

What are the 4 parts of the corpus callosum?

A
  1. Rostrum
  2. Genu
  3. Body
  4. Splenium
34
Q

What is the function of the anterior commissure?

A

white matter tracts connecting R and L temporal lobes

35
Q

What is the function of the posterior commissure?

A

white matter tract involved in brainstem-mediated visual reflexes

36
Q

What are the 6 large vessels of the circle of willis?

A
  1. MCA - middle cerebral
  2. ACA - anterior cerebral
  3. ICA - internal carotid
  4. PCA - posterior cerebral
  5. BA - basil artery
  6. VA - vertebral arteries
37
Q

What are the 8 small vessels of the circle of willis?

A
  1. ACOM - anterior communicating
  2. LA - lenticulostriate arteries
  3. PCOM - posterior communicating
  4. TP - thalamic perforators
  5. SCA - superior cerebellar artery
  6. AICA - anterior inferior cerebellar artery
  7. PICA - posterior inferior cerebellar artery
  8. PP - pontine perforators
38
Q

What vessel provides circulation to major anterior vessels (ACA and MCA)?

A

internal carotids

39
Q

The ____ is the major supplier of blood to the entire anterior circulation

A

ICA (internal carotids)

40
Q

What vessel provides circulation to the LATERAL motor and somatosensory cortices, temporal lobe (Wernicke area) and frontal lobe (Broca area)?

A

MCA (middle cerebral artery)

41
Q

Which vessel feeds much of the lateral cortices which includes the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes?

A

MCA (middle cerebral artery)

42
Q

Which vessel provides circulation to the MEDIAL motor and somatosensory cortices?

A

ACA (anterior cerebral artery)

43
Q

The ___ provides blood to the anterior and medial cortices of the brain

A

ACA (anterior cerebral artery)

44
Q

Which vessel provides circulation to major posterior vessels and caudal brainstem and cerebellum?

A

Vertebral Artery

45
Q

Which vessel climbs along the vertebral column of the brainstem and is the major suppliers of the posterior circulation?

A

Vertebral Artery

46
Q

Which vessel provides circulation to the cerebellum and brainstem?

A

Basilar Artery

47
Q

The two vertebral arteries converge and become the ______ artery (moving anteriorly)

A

basilar

48
Q

Which vessel provides circulation to the posterior and inferior cortices (e.g., occipital lobe)?

A

PCA - posterior cerebral artery

49
Q

Towards the top of the brainstem, the basilar artery bifurcates into the two _____ arteries

A

PCA - posterior cerebral arteries

50
Q

The ___ delivers blood to posterior and inferior parts of the cortex that makes up large portion of the occipital lobe

A

PCA - posterior cerebral arteries

51
Q

Which vessel provides circulation to the internal capsule and basal ganglia?

A

the LA - lenticulostriate arteries

52
Q

In the anterior circulation, the ______ arise from the MCA . They are best visualized in the a coronal section.

A

the LA - lenticulostriate arteries

53
Q

Which vessels helps establish collateral circulation? (2)

A

ACOM - anterior communicating artery

PCOM - posterior communicating artery

54
Q

The ____ helps establish collateral circulation between L and R which helps maintain blood flow in instances

A

ACOM - anterior communicating artery

55
Q

Which arteries connect the posterior cerebral arteries to the internal carotid arteries and thus form a bridge between anterior and posterior circulation?

A

PCOM

56
Q

Which two vessels, taken together, help to form the Circle of Willis and providing collateral circulation to the L hemisphere and R hemisphere?

A

ACOM and PCOM

57
Q

What structure helps connect anterior and posterior circulation of the brain?

A

Circle of Willis

58
Q

Which vessels provide circulation to the thalamus?

A

Thalamic Perforators

59
Q

Branching off the PCAs are the _____ which dive deep and give blood to the thalamus

A

Thalamic Perforators

60
Q

Which vessel provides circulation to the superior cerebellum?

A

SCA - superior cerebellar artery

61
Q

Which vessels provide circulation to parts of the cerebellum and the brainstem? (2)

A

AICA - anterior inferior cerebellar artery

PICA - posterior inferior cerebellar artery

62
Q

Which vessel provides circulation to the Pons?

A

PP - Pontine Perforators

63
Q

Which vessel extends off the basilar artery deep into the pons?

A

PP - Pontine Perforators

NSCI 6112: Neuroscience (10 decks)

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