Lab 2-4 Vocab

Question 1

Sickle cell disease

Answer 1

A human genetic disease resulting in malformed red blood cells that are sickle-shaped instead of disc shaped

Question 2

Genetic disease

Answer 2

Disease that results directly from deleterious alleles carried by an idv.

Question 2

Genes

Answer 2

Units of hereditary information at specific location on chromosomes

Question 3

Chromosomes

Answer 3

Molecules of DNA

Question 4

Locus

Answer 4

A gene’s precise location on a chromosome

Question 5

Allele

Answer 5

A specific version of a gene

Question 6

Genotype

Answer 6

Describes the genetic makeup of a cell/indiv.

Question 7

Hemoglobin

Answer 7

Iron-containing, oxygen-transporting protein in the most vertebrates but some invertebrates

Question 8

Malaria

Answer 8

Deadly mosquito-borne disease

Question 9

Hardy Weinburg Equilibrium

Answer 9

p+q=1; No natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, migration, random-mating

Question 10

Null Model

Answer 10

A model that describes a scenario that results from an absence of influencing factors (what you expect when nothing is going on)

Question 11

Null Hypothesis

Answer 11

A statement of the “default” position that the phenomenon of interst is not occuring (no evolution)

Question 12

Alternative Hypothesis

Answer 12

A statement of a relationship/explanation that forms the basis of an experimental/observational study

Question 13

Genetic diversity

Answer 13

Used to describe how much variation exist in the genetic makeup of a population

Question 14

Population bottleneck

Answer 14

Describes a sudden & considerable reduction in population size

ex. Natural disaster

Question 15

Sampling error

Answer 15

A statistical error that arises when the subset of a population is not representative of the population as a whole

Question 16

Founder effect

Answer 16

When a few indiv. establish a new population

Question 17

Random Mating

Answer 17

When each indiv. in a population has an equal chance of mating w/ any other indiv. in the population

Question 18

Gamete

Answer 18

Sex cells; which fuse to produce a zygote during sexual reproduction

Question 19

Zygote

Answer 19

Fertilized egg; Produced from a fusion of 2 gamete

Question 20

Genetic Drift

Answer 20

The change in allele frequencies overtime within a population that happens as a result of sampling error

Question 21

Fixation

Answer 21

All indiv. in the population carry only that allele for its associated gene

Question 22

Heterozygosity

Answer 22

A measure of a population’s genetic diversity from a particular gene

Question 23

Census Population Size

Answer 23

The total number of indiv. in a population

Question 24

Effective Population Size

Answer 24

The size of an "idealized" population that loses heterozygosity at the same rate as the actual population