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Lab Flashcards

1
Q

NA+

A

Sodium 135-145
Primary extracellular cation
Helps nerves and muscles contract

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2
Q

K+

A

Potassium 3.5-5.0
Primary intracellular cation
Most dangerous abnormality
Cell excitability

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3
Q

CL-

A

Chlorine 96-106
Extracellular anion
Tends to shift with NA+
Hypochloremia impending renal dysfunction

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4
Q

CO2

A

22-26
Helps maintain acid-base balance

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5
Q

BUN

A

Blood urea nitrogen
8-23 mg/dl
Provides picture of renal clearance
Tends to increase with age

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6
Q

Creatinine (CR)

A

.7- 1.4 mg/dl
High levels = permanent kidney damage

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7
Q

Glucose

A

70-110
High levels = coma/death

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8
Q

Calcium

A

8.5-10.2
Most essential electrolyte in body

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9
Q

Hypercemia

A

Kidney transplant, hyperparathyrodism, tb

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10
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

Alcoholism, pancreatitis, renal failure

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11
Q

Cvosteks sign

A

Cheek muscle spasms with facial nerve

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12
Q

Trousseaus sign

A

Forearm tetany with no cuff
Treat with calcium glucanate

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13
Q

Ionized calcium

A

4.5-5.6
Decreased levels from receiving blood transfusions
Sepsis and low albumin

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14
Q

Anion gap

A

Poor man’s abg
Sodium, chloride and bicarbonate factored together
Normal = 12 (+-4)
Large number is bad

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15
Q

Replacement formula

A

.1 x (-be) x kg = bicarbonate required

Therapy for anion gap trt with bicarbonate

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16
Q

RBCS,hmglobin, hematocrit

A

5/15/45

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17
Q

WBCs

A

4500-11000 ul
Low = seen in sepsis destroyed at rate that exceeds production
High= inflammation, infection and trauma

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18
Q

Platelets

A

150-400k ul

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19
Q

Total protien

A

6-8 g/dl
Albumin and immunoglobulins

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20
Q

Albumin

A

3.5-5.5 g/dl
Produced by liver, transport protein

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21
Q

Coagulation intrinsic pathway

A

Triggered by endothelial dmg
Platelets activate
Initiates clotting
Formation of clot
Dissolves 7-10days

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22
Q

Coagulation panel

A

PT 10-13 sec (prothrombin time extrinsic)
PTT 25-40 sec (partial thromboplastin time intrinsic)
INR .9-1.3 sec (international normalized ratio)

“Pt do outside”

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23
Q

Heparin/lovenox

A

Affects intrinsic pathway
Overdose trt with Protamine Sulfate

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24
Q

Coumadin (warfarin)

A

Affects extrinsic pathway
Overdose with vitamin k

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25
Q

Extrinsic pathway

A

Damaged tissue
Release tissue thromboplastin
Highest in Brain and placenta
Platelets arrive
Initiate clotting
Form clot
7-10 days dissolve

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26
Q

ALT

A

Alanine transaminase
7-55 units per liter

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27
Q

AST

A

Aspartame transaminase
8-48 u l
Increase indicate liver damage or disease

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28
Q

Alkaline phosphotase

A

45-115
Increase indicates damage

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29
Q

Albumin

A

Decrease levels indicate liver damage

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30
Q

Lactate

A

.5-1 mmol/L
Hyper= 2-4
Lactic acidosis 4-5
Most commonly caused by decrease blood flow to cells

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31
Q

Amylase

A

25-125
Test used for pancreatitis
>300

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32
Q

Lipase

A

5-60
Test used to detect pancreatitis

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33
Q

Urine 2/1/.5

A

Infant 2ml/hr
Child 1 ml/hr
Adult .5 ml/hr

Average output is 30/50ml/hr
Electrical burs/ rabdo 100ml/hr

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34
Q

DKA

A

Common in type 1
Glu>350 occasionally exceeds 800
Ella Ted ketones, metabolic acidosis
Kussmal respirations

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35
Q

DKA TRX

A

Bolus insul .1
Inufusion .1
Do not lower glucose <100

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36
Q

Hhnk

A

Common type 2
Extremely elevated glu> 600
Non ketonix, non acidotic and no kussmal

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37
Q

Hhnk trx

A

7-10 liter deficient
Insulin bolus and infusion
Glu not <100

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38
Q

DI

A

Kidneys are unable to conserve water

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39
Q

Central/neuro DI

A

ADH no longer produced by pituitary gland

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40
Q

Nephrgenic DI

A

Kidneys do not respond to AHD

Caused by Dilantin Od and head injuries

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41
Q

DI trx

A

Fluid resuscitation and DDAVP

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42
Q

Siadh

A

Syndrome of inappropriate ADH

Too much ADH in body
Central pontine myelinolysis can occur if sodium corrected to quickly

43
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Avoid aspirin
Thyroid storm hr> 140

44
Q

Hypothyroidism/myxedema coma

A

Fatigue, cold intolerance, weight gain, puffy eyelids

Trx with T4 or T3 levothyroxine

45
Q

Adrenal insufficiency

A

Addison disease
No etomidate
Bronze skin

46
Q

Cushings

A

Hypercortisol
BUFFULO hump
Rumor removed or steroids are stopped

47
Q

Peptic ulcer

A

Upper gi bleed

48
Q

Esophageal varices

A

Trx octreotide
Balloon tamponade: sengstaken blakemore tube
No NG tube

49
Q

Mallory Weiss

A

Not life threatening
Forceful vomiting

50
Q

Boerhaaves tears

A

Hammans sign: crunching sound upon auscultation
Sub cu emphasymea

51
Q

Pancreatitis

A

ARDS
pain upper left
CULLEN SIGN
GREY TURNER
No morphine

52
Q

Septic shock

A

Lactate > 4 mmol/l
No etomidate i rsi

53
Q

DVT (virchows triad)

A

Virchow=venous
Homans sign: pain on dorsiflexion
Warm limb

54
Q

Arterial occlusion

55
Q

Sea level

56
Q

Compression loss

A

Windows fogging
90 seconds at 30k
If rapid decent then 45 sec

57
Q

Boyle law

A

Alltitude ⬆️ pressure ⬇️ volume ⬆️

58
Q

Charles law

A

Air expands when hot

59
Q

Dalton’s law

A

As alltitude increases partial pressure decreases
O2 needed

60
Q

Ficks law

A

Increase partial pressure = increase oxygenation

61
Q

Gay lussac

A

Pressure decreases with temp

62
Q

Graham law

A

Lower molecule weight can diffuse better

63
Q

Henry’s law

A

Diving adds pressure when surfacing nitrogen comes out

64
Q

Oxygen adjustment calc

A

Fio2(current torr) x new alt torr = oxygen requirement at new alt

65
Q

Every 1k increase temp

66
Q

Barodontalgia

A

Ascent
Boyce’s law air in tooth expand

67
Q

Bartitis

A

Descent
Air trapped in middle ear

68
Q

Barosinusitis

A

descent
Air in sinuses

69
Q

Ground transfer preferred for dive inj

A

Can fly fixed wing at <1k

70
Q

Atmosphere calc

A

Each is 33 feet

71
Q

Stressors of flight self imp.

A

Dehydration
Exhaustion

72
Q

Low freq vibrations

A

1-12 hz
Power plant

73
Q

Hypemic

A

Hypoxia at the blood level

74
Q

Histotoxic

A

Hypoxia at cellular level
Cyanide,

75
Q

Stage of hypoxia

A

Indifferent: full reasoning most danger
Compensatory: incr hr, vent and slowe judgment
Disturbance: drunk
Critical: death

76
Q

Consolidated omnibus budget reconciliation act

A

Protects uninsured pt

77
Q

Emergency medical treatment and active labor act

A

250 yard rule for trt
Sending physician is responsible for pt until they arrive at next facility

78
Q

Sterile cockpit

A

Take off
Landing
Refueling
Taxi

79
Q

Flight following

A

15 min flying
45 min on ground
Activated after 2 missed checkin

80
Q

Long range flight

81
Q

Rotary wing pilot in comand

A

2000 hr flight time
1000 pc/pic
Must be instrument rated for IFR
+ 100 hours at night got fixed wing

82
Q

Area orientation

A

5hours total with 2 at night

83
Q

Federal aviation regulation 91.17

A

No fly within 8hrs of alcohol
Higher than .04%

84
Q

FAR 135

A

14 hour duty day
8hr total fly time

85
Q

Weather min

A

Day 800’ 2 miles
Night 800 3 miles

86
Q

Cross country fly

A

800 3 miles
1000’ 3 miles

87
Q

Visual flight rules

A

See where u are flying

88
Q

Instrument flight rules

A

Use instruments

89
Q

HLZ

A

100x100’
1 approach and departure
2 passes one high/low

90
Q

Approaching aircraft

A

11/1 o’clock

91
Q

Hazmat zone

A

Land uphil and up wind

92
Q

3 cross straps

A

Chest hip knee

93
Q

Emergency locator transmitter

A

Self activated at 4gs
Freq 121.5/406

94
Q

VHF

A

Line of sight
Long range

95
Q

UHF

A

Short distances

96
Q

Simplex

A

1 direction

97
Q

Duplex

A

Two way and half duplex

98
Q

Red light

99
Q

Green light

A

Right wing

100
Q

White light

101
Q

Performance temp

A

-33 to 122

102
Q

Ambulance marking

A

3 inch high

103
Q

Sirens

A

Audible >500 ft

104
Q

Lights

A

> 500’ft

FP-C (7 decks)

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