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Lab Flashcards

1
Q

NA+

A

Sodium 135-145
Primary extracellular cation
Helps nerves and muscles contract

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2
Q

K+

A

Potassium 3.5-5.0
Primary intracellular cation
Most dangerous abnormality
Cell excitability

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3
Q

CL-

A

Chlorine 96-106
Extracellular anion
Tends to shift with NA+
Hypochloremia impending renal dysfunction

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4
Q

CO2

A

22-26
Helps maintain acid-base balance

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5
Q

BUN

A

Blood urea nitrogen
8-23 mg/dl
Provides picture of renal clearance
Tends to increase with age

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6
Q

Creatinine (CR)

A

.7- 1.4 mg/dl
High levels = permanent kidney damage

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7
Q

Glucose

A

70-110
High levels = coma/death

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8
Q

Calcium

A

8.5-10.2
Most essential electrolyte in body

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9
Q

Hypercemia

A

Kidney transplant, hyperparathyrodism, tb

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10
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

Alcoholism, pancreatitis, renal failure

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11
Q

Cvosteks sign

A

Cheek muscle spasms with facial nerve

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12
Q

Trousseaus sign

A

Forearm tetany with no cuff
Treat with calcium glucanate

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13
Q

Ionized calcium

A

4.5-5.6
Decreased levels from receiving blood transfusions
Sepsis and low albumin

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14
Q

Anion gap

A

Poor man’s abg
Sodium, chloride and bicarbonate factored together
Normal = 12 (+-4)
Large number is bad

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15
Q

Replacement formula

A

.1 x (-be) x kg = bicarbonate required

Therapy for anion gap trt with bicarbonate

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16
Q

RBCS,hmglobin, hematocrit

A

5/15/45

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17
Q

WBCs

A

4500-11000 ul
Low = seen in sepsis destroyed at rate that exceeds production
High= inflammation, infection and trauma

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18
Q

Platelets

A

150-400k ul

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19
Q

Total protien

A

6-8 g/dl
Albumin and immunoglobulins

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20
Q

Albumin

A

3.5-5.5 g/dl
Produced by liver, transport protein

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21
Q

Coagulation intrinsic pathway

A

Triggered by endothelial dmg
Platelets activate
Initiates clotting
Formation of clot
Dissolves 7-10days

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22
Q

Coagulation panel

A

PT 10-13 sec (prothrombin time extrinsic)
PTT 25-40 sec (partial thromboplastin time intrinsic)
INR .9-1.3 sec (international normalized ratio)

“Pt do outside”

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23
Q

Heparin/lovenox

A

Affects intrinsic pathway
Overdose trt with Protamine Sulfate

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24
Q

Coumadin (warfarin)

A

Affects extrinsic pathway
Overdose with vitamin k

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25
Extrinsic pathway
Damaged tissue Release tissue thromboplastin Highest in Brain and placenta Platelets arrive Initiate clotting Form clot 7-10 days dissolve
26
ALT
Alanine transaminase 7-55 units per liter
27
AST
Aspartame transaminase 8-48 u l Increase indicate liver damage or disease
28
Alkaline phosphotase
45-115 Increase indicates damage
29
Albumin
Decrease levels indicate liver damage
30
Lactate
.5-1 mmol/L Hyper= 2-4 Lactic acidosis 4-5 Most commonly caused by decrease blood flow to cells
31
Amylase
25-125 Test used for pancreatitis >300
32
Lipase
5-60 Test used to detect pancreatitis
33
Urine 2/1/.5
Infant 2ml/hr Child 1 ml/hr Adult .5 ml/hr Average output is 30/50ml/hr Electrical burs/ rabdo 100ml/hr
34
DKA
Common in type 1 Glu>350 occasionally exceeds 800 Ella Ted ketones, metabolic acidosis Kussmal respirations
35
DKA TRX
Bolus insul .1 Inufusion .1 Do not lower glucose <100
36
Hhnk
Common type 2 Extremely elevated glu> 600 Non ketonix, non acidotic and no kussmal
37
Hhnk trx
7-10 liter deficient Insulin bolus and infusion Glu not <100
38
DI
Kidneys are unable to conserve water
39
Central/neuro DI
ADH no longer produced by pituitary gland
40
Nephrgenic DI
Kidneys do not respond to AHD Caused by Dilantin Od and head injuries
41
DI trx
Fluid resuscitation and DDAVP
42
Siadh
Syndrome of inappropriate ADH Too much ADH in body Central pontine myelinolysis can occur if sodium corrected to quickly
43
Hyperthyroidism
Avoid aspirin Thyroid storm hr> 140
44
Hypothyroidism/myxedema coma
Fatigue, cold intolerance, weight gain, puffy eyelids Trx with T4 or T3 levothyroxine
45
Adrenal insufficiency
Addison disease No etomidate Bronze skin
46
Cushings
Hypercortisol BUFFULO hump Rumor removed or steroids are stopped
47
Peptic ulcer
Upper gi bleed
48
Esophageal varices
Trx octreotide Balloon tamponade: sengstaken blakemore tube No NG tube
49
Mallory Weiss
Not life threatening Forceful vomiting
50
Boerhaaves tears
Hammans sign: crunching sound upon auscultation Sub cu emphasymea
51
Pancreatitis
ARDS pain upper left CULLEN SIGN GREY TURNER No morphine
52
Septic shock
Lactate > 4 mmol/l No etomidate i rsi
53
DVT (virchows triad)
Virchow=venous Homans sign: pain on dorsiflexion Warm limb
54
Arterial occlusion
Cold limb
55
Sea level
760 torr
56
Compression loss
Windows fogging 90 seconds at 30k If rapid decent then 45 sec
57
Boyle law
Alltitude ⬆️ pressure ⬇️ volume ⬆️
58
Charles law
Air expands when hot
59
Dalton’s law
As alltitude increases partial pressure decreases O2 needed
60
Ficks law
Increase partial pressure = increase oxygenation
61
Gay lussac
Pressure decreases with temp
62
Graham law
Lower molecule weight can diffuse better
63
Henry’s law
Diving adds pressure when surfacing nitrogen comes out
64
Oxygen adjustment calc
Fio2(current torr) x new alt torr = oxygen requirement at new alt
65
Every 1k increase temp
Drop 2 c
66
Barodontalgia
Ascent Boyce’s law air in tooth expand
67
Bartitis
Descent Air trapped in middle ear
68
Barosinusitis
descent Air in sinuses
69
Ground transfer preferred for dive inj
Can fly fixed wing at <1k
70
Atmosphere calc
Each is 33 feet
71
Stressors of flight self imp.
Dehydration Exhaustion
72
Low freq vibrations
1-12 hz Power plant
73
Hypemic
Hypoxia at the blood level
74
Histotoxic
Hypoxia at cellular level Cyanide,
75
Stage of hypoxia
Indifferent: full reasoning most danger Compensatory: incr hr, vent and slowe judgment Disturbance: drunk Critical: death
76
Consolidated omnibus budget reconciliation act
Protects uninsured pt
77
Emergency medical treatment and active labor act
250 yard rule for trt Sending physician is responsible for pt until they arrive at next facility
78
Sterile cockpit
Take off Landing Refueling Taxi
79
Flight following
15 min flying 45 min on ground Activated after 2 missed checkin
80
Long range flight
>3 hr
81
Rotary wing pilot in comand
2000 hr flight time 1000 pc/pic Must be instrument rated for IFR + 100 hours at night got fixed wing
82
Area orientation
5hours total with 2 at night
83
Federal aviation regulation 91.17
No fly within 8hrs of alcohol Higher than .04%
84
FAR 135
14 hour duty day 8hr total fly time
85
Weather min
Day 800’ 2 miles Night 800 3 miles
86
Cross country fly
800 3 miles 1000’ 3 miles
87
Visual flight rules
See where u are flying
88
Instrument flight rules
Use instruments
89
HLZ
100x100’ 1 approach and departure 2 passes one high/low
90
Approaching aircraft
11/1 o’clock
91
Hazmat zone
Land uphil and up wind
92
3 cross straps
Chest hip knee
93
Emergency locator transmitter
Self activated at 4gs Freq 121.5/406
94
VHF
Line of sight Long range
95
UHF
Short distances
96
Simplex
1 direction
97
Duplex
Two way and half duplex
98
Red light
Left wing
99
Green light
Right wing
100
White light
Rear
101
Performance temp
-33 to 122
102
Ambulance marking
3 inch high
103
Sirens
Audible >500 ft
104
Lights
>500’ft

FP-C (7 decks)

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