LAB 10 - Animal Evolution

Question 1

What are examples of amphibians?

Answer 1

-frogs, toads, salamanders, newts, caecelians

Question 2

What are examples of chondrichthyes?

Answer 2

-sharks, rays, skates + ratfishes (cartilaginous fish)

Question 3

What is the common ancestor of both Amphibia and Chrondrichthyes?

Answer 3

Deuterostome

Question 4

What is an example of Petromyzontida?

Answer 4

Lampreys

Question 5

What are examples of Osteichthyes?

Answer 5

-trout, salmon, tuna (bony fish)

Question 6

What are examples of Reptillia?

Answer 6

-snakes, turtles, lizards, crocodiles, birds

Question 7

What are examples of Mammalia?

Answer 7

-cats, bats, whales, humans

Question 8

What is the subphylum that includes both Amphibia and Chondrichtyes?

Answer 8

Vertebrata

Question 9

What are 5 main characteristics of Chordates?

Answer 9

1. dorsal notochord
2. dorsal, hollow nerve cord
3. pharyngeal gill slits
4. post anal tail
5. losing some characteristics as adults

Question 10

What replaces the embryonic notocord?

Answer 10

vertebral column

Question 11

_____ chambered heart. Open or closed?

Answer 11

• 2, 3, or 4 chambered heart

- closed circulatory system

Question 12

What do the eyes of a chordate have?

Answer 12

lens and retina

Question 13

How many pairs of appendages do chordates have?

Answer 13

2 pairs of appendages

Question 14

What are the 2 organisms dissected in lab?

Answer 14

1. Squalus acanthias (Chondrichtyes)

2. Rana catesbeiana (Amphibia)

Question 15

Chondrichtyes characteristics (7)

Answer 15

1. jawed fish with paired fins
2. skeletons made of cartilage
3. thick skin + placoid dermal scales
4. spiracles (breathing when asleep
5. carnivores (bottom feeders)
6. ectotherms (cold-blooded animals
7. internal fertilization

Question 16

What are 4 characteristics of a Spiny dogfish?

Answer 16

1. dorsal spines (toxic)
2. no anal fin
3. white spots along its back
4. lateral line

Question 17

How many gill slits do Spiny Dogfish have?

Answer 17

5

Question 18

What is a spiracle?

Answer 18

vestigial 1st gill slit

Question 19

What kind of heart does a Spiny Dogfish have?

Answer 19

2-chambered heart (A&V)

Question 20

What kind of liver do Spiny Dogfish Sharks have?

Answer 20

oil-filled liver for buoyancy

Question 21

What kind of intestines do Spiny Dogfish Sharks have?

Answer 21

spiral valve in intestines (increases absorption)

Question 22

What kind of fertilization do spiny dogfish have?

Answer 22

internal

Question 23

What kind of animal are Spiny Dogfish?

Answer 23

ovoviviparous

Question 24

Where did Amphibian ancestors evolve from?

Answer 24

lobe-finned fishes called Coelacanths

Question 25

What are 4 advantages of life on land?

Answer 25

1. little competition
2. absence of predators
3. abundance of plants + insects
4. high O2

Question 26

What are 3 characteristics of amphibia?

Answer 26

1. long hind legs
2. short body
3. webbed digits

Question 27

What kind of lifestyle do amphibia have?

Answer 27

semi-aquatic lifestyle

Question 28

What kind of reproduction do amphibia have?

Answer 28

• lay eggs in puddles, ponds or lakes

- external fertilization

Question 29

What is an aquatic larval stage?

Answer 29

• tadpoles

- have gills and tails

Question 30

What do amphibia eat? (3)

Answer 30

1. arthropods
2. annelids
3. gastropods

Question 31

What kind of animals are amphibia?

Answer 31

ectothermic animals