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A&P I Lab > Lab 10 > Flashcards

Lab 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What makes white matter white?

A

Myelination of axons

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2
Q

What is the main consituent of gray matter?

A

Neural somas, synapses (axonal terminals AND dendrites) and nueroglial cells

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3
Q

List the name and functions of

Neuroglial Cells

A

CNS
1. Oliogodendrocytes – form myelin and spinal cord
2. Ependymal cells – lines cavities of braina nd spinal cord; secrete and circulate CSF
3. Microglia – destroy foreign matter and microorganisms
4. Astrocytes – support; forms BBB; nourish neurons; communicate electrically with neurons

PNS
1. Schwann cells – regeneration; form myelin
2. Satellite cells – Suround neuronal somas in the ganglia, provide insulation and regulate chemical environment

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4
Q

Ventricles of the brain

A
  1. House CSF
  2. CSF provides bouyancy, protection from mechanical trauma, homeostasis of the brain, and clearing waste
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5
Q

Difference between Sulci and Fissures

A

Sulci = Small indentations that seperate gyri
Fissures = Large divisions that seperate cerebral lobes/ cerebellum and cerebrum

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6
Q

What role do convolutions/ folds have on the brain?

A

Maximize surface area of the brain so that a very large surface area can fit in a small space

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7
Q

Epithalamus

A
  1. Composed of the pineal gland and the habenula
  2. Relay from the limbic system to the midbrain
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8
Q

Function of the

Hypothalamus

A
  1. Hormone secretion (controls pituitary gland)
  2. Autonomic control center
  3. Thermoregulation
  4. Regulates hunger and thirst
  5. Sleep and circadian rytym
  6. Memory
  7. Emotional and sexual behavior
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9
Q

Function of the

Corpus Callosum

A

responsible for information exchange between hemispheres

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10
Q

Function of the

Cerebellum

A
  1. Touch
  2. Spatial perception
  3. Timekeeping
  4. Language output
  5. Coordination of skeletal muscular actitvity
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11
Q

Function of the

Optic chiasma

A
  • responsible for sensory cross-over from the right eye to the left hemisphere
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12
Q

Function of the

Thalamus

A

Sensory
1. “Gateway” to cerebral cortex
2. Relay station for sensory stimuli

Motor:
1. relays signals from the cerebellum to the cerebrum
2. Provides feedback loops between cerebral cortex and basal nuclei

  • Also memory and emotional functions of the limbic system
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13
Q

Function of the:

Reticular Formation

A
  1. Somatic motor control
  2. Cardiovasular control
  3. Pain modulation
  4. Sleep and consciousness
  5. Habituation
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14
Q

Function of the:

Amygdala

A

Emotional regulation

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15
Q

Function of the:

Basal Ganglia

A
  1. Masses of gray matter buried in white matter
  2. Motor control

Corpus striatum:
1. Caudate nucleus
2. Putamen
3. Global pallidus

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16
Q

Function of the

Limbic System

A
  1. Thalamus
  2. Hypothalamus
  3. Basal Ganglia
  4. Singulate gyrus
  5. Hippocampus
  6. Amygdala

A dysfuncitonal limbic system is associated with autism, epilepsy

17
Q

Function of the

Pituitary Gland

A

the ‘master’ gland

18
Q

Function of the

Brainstem

A
  1. Midbrain
  2. Pons
  3. Medulla Oblongata
19
Q

Function of the:

Medulla oblongata

A

Sensory:
1. Hearing, equilibrium, touch, pressure, temperature, taste, pain
Motor:
2. Chewing, swalloing, gagging, salivation, vomiting, respiration, speech, coughing, sneezing, sweating, cardiovascular + gastrointestinal control, and head, enck, and shoulder movements

20
Q

Function of the:

Pons

A
  1. Termination of CN V - VIII
  2. Sensory - hearing, equilibrium, taste, touch, pain
  3. Motor - eye movement, facial expressions, chewing, swalling, urination, and the secretion of saliva and tears
  4. Sleep, respiration, posture
21
Q

Function of the:

Midbrain

A
  1. Contains: cerebral aqueduct, reticular formation, and motor nuclei of CN III and IV
22
Q

Function of the:

Parietal lobe

A
  • taste
  • somatic sensation
  • sensory integration
  • visual processing
  • language processing
  • numberical awareness
23
Q

Function of the:

Frontal lobe

A
  • decision making
  • mood
  • emotional control
  • voluntary motor control
24
Q

Function of the

Temporal lobe

A

hearing, smell, emotion, learning, language comprehension, memory consolidation

25
Q

Function of the:

Diencephalon

A
  1. Thalamus
  2. Epithalamus
  3. Hypothalamus
26
Q

Function of the:

Cerebrum

A
  1. Frontal Lobe
  2. Insula (taste, pain, visceral sensation, consciousness, emotion + empathy, cardiovascular homeostasis)
  3. Parietal lobe
  4. Occipital lobe
  5. Temporal lobe
  6. Precentral + Postcentral gyri
  7. central and lateral sulcus

A&P I Lab (6 decks)

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