Lab 1: The Metric System & the Scientific Method Flashcards

1
Q

hypothesis

A

A proposed explanation for a phenomenon/ an educated guess.

ex: Every time I eat something with peanuts I break out in hives. Therefore, I must be allergic to peanuts.

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2
Q

variable

A

Factors in an experiment

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3
Q

experimental group

A

The group in the experiment that has a changed variable that will later be compared to the control group, to find if the hypothesis is correct.

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4
Q

standardized variable

A

Factors and conditions that you try to keep the same among both the control and experimental groups

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5
Q

International System of Units (S.I.)

A

Another name for the metric system

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6
Q

gram

A

Metric base unit for mass

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7
Q

milli-

A

A thousandth of a base unit

1 meter = 1,000 millimeters

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8
Q

exponent

A

Represents the power of ten

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9
Q

kilo-

A

A thousand of a base unit

1 kilometer = 1,000 meters

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10
Q

pipettes

A

A slender tube attached to a bulb that is used for transferring or measuring out small quantities of liquid (volume)

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11
Q

taring

A

Subtracting the (gross) weight of the substance being measured from the container holding it, in order to get the weight of the substance only.

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12
Q

prediction

A

A statement about what will or may happen during the experiment

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13
Q

independent variable

A

The factor under study

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14
Q

control group

A

The group in the experiment that doesn’t have any variables changed. Used to compare with the experimental group. (placebo group)

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15
Q

sampling error

A

Occurs when you collect data from only part of a population because you only have an estimate of the true value

(ex: You want to know if all chickens can swim, but you tested only 10 chicken and based your observations on the whole chicken population.)

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16
Q

S.I.

A

Internation System of Units

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17
Q

Be able to use standardized metric units for volume, mass, and length.

A

Volume: liters (L)

Mass: grams (g)

Length: meters (m)

18
Q

Erlenmeyer flask

A

A conical, flat-bottomed laboratory flask with a narrow neck used for measuring volume

19
Q

meniscus

A

The curved upper surface of a liquid in a tube

20
Q

theory

A

Underlying principles of science that are sustained by prediction and experimentation.

A theory is respected and generally considered to be “true” if it has been continually tested, but never falsified.

Ex: The theory of gravity

21
Q

dependent variable

A

The factor that is measured or counted

“Outcome variable”

22
Q

repetition

A

Obtaining the same results after several different experiments

23
Q

metric

A

A system of standard measurement used by the scientific and medical community

24
Q

graduated cylinder

A

A measuring cylinder used to measure the volume of a liquid.

25
pi-pump
A one-handed control pump used on pipets to measure the volume of liquid
26
Explain the process of the scientific method.
1. Observations or measurements 2. Questions 3. Hypothesis 4. Prediction 5. Experiment 6. Substantiated hypothesis 7. New/Revised hypothesis 8. New experiment
27
Identify the dependent, independent and controlled (standardized) variables in experiments.
Dependent variable- the variable that is changed Independent variable-the variable that is measured Controlled (standardized) variable- the variable that remains the same throughout the experiment
28
Know the difference between accuracy and precision.
Accuracy refers to how close the measurement you obtained is from the "true" value. Precision is how often you get that measurement You can have great precision but not be accurate.
29
Name and describe the standard metric units for volume, mass, temperature, and length.
``` Volume = liters (L) Mass = grams (g) Temperature = Celsius (°C) ```
30
Identify the control group in the an experiment and know the difference between a control group and a variable.
Control group is the group in an experiment that does not have a variable (factor) tested and is then used as a benchmark to measure how the experimental group (changed variable) did.
31
Know the meaning of the metric prefixes (centi-, milli-, micro-, and nano-) and use them with metric units.
Centi- is a hundredth of the base unit (ex: 1 meter = 100 centimeters) Milli- is a thousandth of the base unit (ex: 1 meter= 1,000 millimeters) Micro- is a millionth of the base unit (ex: 1 meter = 1,000,000 micrometers) Nano- is a billionth of the base unit (ex: 1 meter = 1,000,000,000 nanometers)
32
Know the meaning of the metric prefixes (kilo-, mega-, and giga-) and use them with metric units
Kilo- is a thousand base units (ex: 1 kilogram = 1,000 grams) Mega- is a million base units (ex: 1 megagram = 1,000,000 grams) Giga- is a billion base units (ex: 1 gigagram = 1,000,000,000 grams)
33
beaker
Glassware used to measure a liquid's volume
34
Scientific Notation
Is the way that scientists easily handle very large numbers or very small numbers. Ex. instead of writing 0.0000000056, we write 5.6 x 10-9.
35
meter (m)
Metric unit used to measure length
36
micro-
Micro- is a millionth of the base unit | ex: 1 meter = 1,000,000 micrometers
37
accuracy
How close the measurement is to the true value
38
liter (L)
Metric unit of measurement used for volume
39
degrees Celsius (°C)
Metric unit of measurement used for temperature 0 °C = 32 °F
40
centi-
A hundredth of a base unit | ex. 1 meter = 100 centimeters
41
nano-
A billionth of a base unit | ex. 1 meter = 1,000,000,000 nanometers
42
precision
How consistently a measurement can be reproduced