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BIO 112 > Chapter 1 Textbook Questions > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Textbook Questions Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Compare biology to other natural sciences.

A

“One does not simply compare biology to other sciences.”

The study of biology encompasses both information and tools from other sciences (chemistry, physics, geology, and other “natural sciences”)

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2
Q

Describe the characteristics of living systems.

A
  1. Cellular organization
  2. Ordered complexity
  3. Sensitivity to stimuli
  4. Growth, development, and reproduction
  5. Energy utilization
  6. Homeostasis
  7. Evolutionary adaption
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3
Q

Characterize the hierarchical organization of living systems.

A
  1. Cellular level (atoms, molecules, macro-molecules, organelles, cells)
  2. Organismal level (tissues, organs, organ systems)
  3. Populational level (population, species, biological community)
  4. Ecosystem level (ecosystem)
  5. Biosphere (the whole planet)
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4
Q

The functions of biological systems are determined and constraint by the principles of __________ and ___________.

A

Chemistry & physics

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5
Q

The study of ________ does illustrate and illuminate the working of natural sciences.

A

Biology

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6
Q

The intricate chemical workings of cells are based on everything we know about the study of __________.

A

Chemistry

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7
Q

The intricate chemical workings of cells are based on everything we know about the study of __________.

A

Chemistry

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8
Q

Every level of _________ ________ is governed by the nature of energy transactions learned from the study of thermodynamics.

A

Biological organization

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9
Q

___________ ________ do not represent any new forms of matter, and yet they are the most complex organization of matter known.

A

Biological systems

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10
Q

The complexity of living systems is made possible by what constant source of energy?

A

The Sun

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11
Q

Modern science is becoming more _________, combining the expertise from a variety of traditional disciplines and emerging fields (ex. Nanotechnology)

A

Interdisciplinary

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12
Q

What branch of science is at the heart of the new multidisciplinary approach to modern science?

A

Biology

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13
Q

_______ problems often require many different approaches to arrive at solutions

A

Biological

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14
Q

Define biology in the broadest sense

A

Biology is the science of life (the study of living things)

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15
Q

Define biology in the broadest sense

A

Biology is the science of life (the study of living things)

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16
Q

Name the seven characteristics that are shared by a living system.

A
  1. Cellular organization
  2. Ordered complexity
  3. Sensitivity/ response to stimuli
  4. Growth, development, and reproduction
  5. Energy utilization
  6. Homeostasis
  7. Evolutionary adaption
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17
Q

All organisms consist of one or more cells. Often too tiny to see, cells carry out the basic activities of living. Each cell is bounded by a membrane that separates it from its surroundings.

A

Cellular organization

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18
Q

All living things are both complex and highly ordered. Your body is composed of many different kinds of cells, each containing many complex molecular structures. Many nonliving things may also be complex, but they do not exhibit this degree of ordered complexity.

A

Ordered complexity

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19
Q

All organisms respond to stimuli. Plants grow toward a source of light, and the pupils of your eyes dilate when you walk into a dark room.

A

Sensitivity/ Responds to stimuli

20
Q

All organisms are capable of growing and reproducing, and they all possess hereditary molecules that are passed to their offspring, ensuring that the offspring are of the same species.

A

Growth, development, an reproduction

21
Q

All organisms maintain relatively constant internal conditions that are different from their environment.

Ex: Your body temperature remains stable despite changes in outside temperatures

A

Homeostasis

22
Q

All organisms interact with other organisms and the nonliving environment in ways that influence their survival, and as a consequence, organisms evolve adaptions to their environments

A

Evolutionary adaption

23
Q

The organization of the biological world is __________-that each level builds on the level below it

A

Hierarchical

24
Q

Name the five levels of hierarchical organizations

A
  1. Cellular level
  2. Organismal level
  3. Populational level
  4. Ecosystem level
  5. Biosphere
25
Q

What are the 5 sub-levels of the cellular level?

A
  1. Atoms
  2. Molecules
  3. Macromolecule
  4. Organelle
  5. Cell
26
Q

What are the 3 sub-levels of the organismal level?

A
  1. Tissue
  2. Organ
  3. Organ system
27
Q

What are the 5 sub-levels of the populational level?

A
  1. Population
  2. Species
  3. Biological Community
28
Q

The fundamental elements of matter (ex. C, H, O, N)

A

Atoms

29
Q

Atoms that are joined together into simple clusters (ex: H20)

A

Molecules

30
Q

Atoms that are joined together into larger molecules (ex: C6H12O6)

A

Macro-molecules

31
Q

Complex biological molecules are assembled into tiny structures

A

Organelles

32
Q

Organelles that are within a membrane-bound unit

A

Cell

33
Q

Basic unit of life

A

Cell

34
Q

Organism composed of a single cell

A

Bacteria

35
Q

Organisms that are composed of multiple cells

A

Animals, plants, most fungi, and algae

36
Q

Term that means “composed of more than one cell”

A

Multicellular

37
Q

Groups of similar cells that act as a functional unit (ex: neurons)

A

Tissue

38
Q

Body structures composed of several different tissues that act as a structural and functional unit (ex: brain)

A

Organ

39
Q

Groups of organs that serve a particular function for an organism (ex: nervous system)

A

Organ system

40
Q

What level (out of the three) hierarchical organization levels consists of individual organisms that can be categorized into several hierarchal levels within the living world?

A

Populational level

41
Q

The most basic sub-level of the populational level that consists of a group of organisms of the same species living in the same place. (ex: Pugs)

A

Population

42
Q

Sub-level of the populational level in which all populations of a particular kind of organism have similar appearances and are able to interbreed. (ex: Canines- wolves and dogs like pugs)

A

Species

43
Q

The higher sub-level of the population level that consists of all populations of different species living together in one place

(ex: Dog park- different dogs, birds, trees, fungi, and bacteria interacting with one another)

A

Biological community

44
Q

The highest level of the biological organization in which a biological community and the physical habitat lives together

(ex: Southeast Portland)

A

Ecosystem

45
Q

The entire planet thought as an ecosystem

A

Biosphere

46
Q

As you move up the biological world’s hierarchical levels (from simple to complex) you can define that make up of the simpler levels but still cannot deduce how those levels interact to make up the larger whole

(ex: You know that DNA is made up of certain molecules, but the scientific community still doesn’t understand why and how certain genes are expressed)

A

Emergent properties

47
Q

Type of biological property in which the parts do not explain how the whole organism or parts of the organism work

ex: Neurons are a basic unit of the nervous system but how the brain learns and is “activated” is still unknown

A

Emergent properties

BIO 112 (5 decks)

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