Lab 1 - posture, STM, UQS Flashcards
what are the goals of STM in subacute/chronic injuries
normalize soft tissue dysfunction
restore proper movement patterns
strength and conditioning
what are the 6 techniques of STM
effleurage
petrissage
compression / trigger point (ischemic compression)
friction (cross friction)
tapotement
vibration
what are contraindications to STM (9)
fever
vascular conditions/thrombosis (DVT)
»> avoid directly various veins
skin infections / open wounds
infections disease
acute injuries / inflammation
- fx, ms/tendon ruptures / tears / repairs
severe osteoporosis
uncontrolled edema d/t cardiac, kidney, liver issues
active RA or gout
contusion - bleeding in ms (myositis ossificans)
precautions for STM (10)
compromised sensation
fx sites
bony prominences
hemophilia / clotting disorders / blood thinners (older adults)
gross edema
cancer
marked varicosity of veins
hairy areas
bursitis / periostitis
unidentified lumps and bumps
what is effleurage
succession of firm and light strokes applied to body that follows anatomical outlines of the body
what are the two types of effleurage
superficial
deep
what is effleurage superficial stroking
uses light touch
direction of movement is centripetal / centrifugal
what is effleurage deep stroking
uses firm pressure
direction of movement is centripetal
ex: deep longitudinal stripping
what are 4 ways effleurage are applied
stroking w palms of hand (together or one at a time)
stroking w tips of fingers
stroking w ball of thumb
stroking w knuckles
what are 7 specific techniques to applying effleurage
open hand
closed hand / paintbrush
heel of hand
fingers
thumb
fist (paint brust)
forearm
what are the therapeutic effects of effleurage (4)
inc circulation of blood and lymph
relieves fatigue
improves nutrition to tissues
prepares tight ms for deeper work
what is petrissage
skin/ms tissue raised from ordinary position then squeezed, rolled, and compressed w firm pressure - usually in circular motion
what is the physiology behind petrissage
GTO stim therefore relaxing it
what are 6 different ways to manipulate the skin in petrissage
kneading
pressing
rolling
squeezing
twisting
picking-up
what are the 4 ways petrissage is applied
strokes that grasp tissue using palm of hands
strokes that grasp tissues using thumbs
strokes that grasp tissue using fingers
use body weight to inc pressure
what are the therapeutic effects of petrissage (8)
milks the milk of waste products
aids in freeing adhesions
assists in contraction of weak muscles
improves nutrition to tissues
stim nerve endings
aid removal of accumulation of fluids
releases ms spasms
relieves intestinal congestion (hastens elimination)
what is compression STM
rhythmic pumping action w tips of fingers, palm, heel, or fist of hand
ms is compressed against bone to achieve spreading action of ms fibers
depending on the goal what are two types of compression that can be applied
broad
trigger point
what are 4 ways compression is applied
used without oil and over clothes
used w PROM/AAROM/AROM/resistance
used as light pressure stroke for warm up work
used as deep pressure stroke to effect deeper tissue
what are 4 therapeutic effects of compression
inc circulation of blood and lymph
relieves fatigue
improves nutrition to tissues
mechanically spreads ms fibers
what is direct pressure STM
static pressure hold of specific point on ms, tendon, or ligament w thumb or finger pad or elbow
weight shift to inc and dec pressure so not same pressure the whole time
what is the latest research recommending w direct pressure STM
doesn’t support prolonged deep pressure secondary to risk of damage to soft tissue
recommends steady constant pressure but alternate b/w deep and superficial pressure
what are the 3 therapeutic effects of direct pressure STM
inc circulation to that specific area in the body
stim trigger point
relieves ms hypertonia
what is friction (cross) STM
small, transverse, or circular movements which penetrate into the depth of the tissues
- not by moving fingers on the skin
- by moving tissues under the skin
pressure may vary from light to heavy
what are the 4 general ways to apply friction (cross) STM
perpendicular / transverse to ligament / tendon - most researched
circular movements using fingers
circular movement using thumb
circular movement using heel of hand
what are three specific ways to apply friction (cross) STM
finger - circular, transverse, diagonal, vertical
thumb - circular, transverse, diagonal, vertical
two thumbs away from each other
what are 5 therapeutic effects of friction (cross) STM
aids in limbering up joints, tendons, ms
aids in freeing adhesions
improves collagen alignment / strength
improves nutrition to tissues
breaks up deposits and aids in removal of waste
what is tapotement
aka percussion
performed by rapidly striking body w hands or fingers
when are optimal times to implement tapotement (2)
good for prepping for:
- physical activity
- ms stim
also good for chest PT
what are 6 ways to apply tapotement
slapping w flattened part of hand
cupping w cupped part of hand
hacking w tips of fingers
tapping w ulna border of hand
tapping w tips of fingers
beating w clenched hand over buttocks or large ms mass
what are 5 therapeutic effects of tapotement
improves tactile sensation
inc blood flow to superficial vessels
prolonged percussion causes vascular dilation
mod and gentle percussion causes contraction of ms fibers
aids in relieving ms atrophy by inc contraction of ms fibers
what is vibration
fine tremulous movement made by rapidly shaking or trembling your hands or fingers on body causing the parts to vibrate
done in gentle and rhythmical way
can be done mechanically w electric vibrator
what are 4 therapeutic effects of vibration
aids nerve action
creates soothing effects
stimulates circulation
aids peristaltic movement
