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MSK 1 > 9/13 - Ther-ex Foundational Concepts > Flashcards

9/13 - Ther-ex Foundational Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

what is therapeutic exercise

A

systematic, planned performance of bodily movements, postures, or physical activities intended to provide patient/client means to achieve goals

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2
Q

what are the 4 goals of therapeutic exercise

A
  1. remediate or prevent impairment
  2. improve, restore, or enhance physical function
  3. prevent or reduce health related risk factors
  4. optimize overall health status, fitness, or sense of well-being
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3
Q

what are 8 components that contribute to physical function

A

balance
cardiopulmonary fitness
coordination
flexibility / mobility
muscle performance
neuromuscular control
postural control / stability & equilibrium
stability

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4
Q

balance

A

align body segments against gravity to maintain/move body within base of support

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5
Q

cardiopulmonary fitness

A

perform moderate intensity, repetitive total body movements over an extended period of time

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6
Q

coordination

A

correct timing/sequencing of muscle firing & intensity of muscular contraction leading to effective movement

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7
Q

what are reasons that people have impaired ROM

A

impaired joint integrity
impaired ms length
weakness
pain

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8
Q

flexibility / mobility

A

ability to move without restriction
- ms vs joints

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9
Q

muscle performance

A

capacity of ms to produce tension & do physical work
- strength
- power
- endurance

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10
Q

neuromuscular control

A

interaction of sensory & motor systems that enables muscles to anticipate/respond to proprioceptive/kinesthetic info to create coordinated movement

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11
Q

why would someone with adequate strength and ROM still have difficulty moving

A

poor motor control / NM control

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12
Q

postural control/stability & equilibrium

A

static or dynamic balance

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13
Q

stability

A

ability of NM system to maintain body in a stationary position or control stable base during superimposed movement

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14
Q

what are 9 types of ther-ex interventions

A

aerobic conditioning/reconditioning
muscle performance
stretching techniques
NM control
postural control
balance exercises/agility training
relaxation exercises
breathing exercises
task-specific functional training

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15
Q

what type of exercises are included in a muscle performance intervention

A

strength
power
endurance

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16
Q

what are stretching techniques

A

muscle length
joint mobilization / manipulation

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17
Q

what are examples of exercises utilized in a neuromuscular control intervention

A

inhibition and facilitation techniques
stabilization exercises

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18
Q

what do breathing exercises as an intervention typically incorporate

A

ventilatory muscle training

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19
Q

when working on task-specific functional training what is an important strategy to use

A

break down into smaller components that will be necessary for motion when put all together

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20
Q

what are 7 ways to set the patient up for success

A

1.limit distractions
2. incorporate patient’s learning style
3. begin w “simple” tasks and movements
4. clear & concise instructions w pictures
5. demonstrate proper form
6. manually guide patient thru movement
7. provide feedback during/after pt performance

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21
Q

how should you provide feedback to the patient to be most effect

A

don’t give feedback on all the things doing wrong in a novel task
- too overwhelming

give feedback on biggest thing
- and then bits and pieces from there when pt can process it

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22
Q

what is motor learning

A

complex set of internal processes that involves acquisition and relatively permanent retention of a skilled movement or task thru practice

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23
Q

what are two important components included in motor learning

A

performance
learning

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24
Q

what is motor performance

A

acquisition of ability to carry out a skill

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25
Q

what is motor learning

A

acquisition of ability to carry out a skill and retention of that skill

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26
Q

what is a discrete task

A

action or movement with distinct beginning and end
- ex: stretching hamstrings

27
Q

what is a serial task

A

series of discrete movements combined into a specific sequence
- ex: getting up from floor

28
Q

what is a continuous task

A

repetitive uninterrupted movement with no distinct beginning or end
- ex: gait

29
Q

what are 4 things included in task dimensions

A
  1. environment where task performed
  2. inter-trial variability of environment imposed on task
  3. body stable or body transport (movement) during task
  4. manipulation of objects during task
    - absent or present
30
Q

what is included in the environment in terms of ther-ex

A

objects or people around pt
surface task is performed on

31
Q

closed vs open environment

A

closed
- objects/people around pt and surface don’t move

open
- objects/people around pt are in motion and/or support surface is unstable

32
Q

absent vs present inter-trial variability in environment

A

absent - task occurs in CONSTANT environment from one performance to the next
- can motor plan easily

present - task occurs in VARIABLE environment from one performance to the next

33
Q

what is the body stable or body transport dimension of a task

A

body stable - pt maintains stable body position during task

body transport - pt moving from one place to another during task

34
Q

what is a manipulation of objects task dimension

A

performing a task requiring or not requiring UE manipulation activities
- ex: throwing ball to a patient outside BOS
- ex: passing medicine ball around trunk

35
Q

what are the stages of motor learning

A

cognitive
associative
autonomous

36
Q

what is the cognitive stage of motor learning

A

what to do & how to do it safely/effectively

errors are common
significant feedback

37
Q

what is the associative stage of motor learning

A

focused on consistency & fine tuning
infrequent errors
minimal feedback

38
Q

what is the autonomous stage of motor learning

A

movements are automatic

patient easily adapts to more challenging environments

39
Q

what are pre-practice considerations that impact learning and retention (4)

A

understand the purpose of exercise/task
interest in exercise/task
attention to exercise/task
demonstration will enhance learning

40
Q

what is a pre-practice consideration that can improve patient compliance

A

task needs to be meaningful to the patient
- connect to their goals

41
Q

describe part practice

A

task is broken down into separate dimensions and practiced

sequence combined after mastery of segments

effective in early stage of learning

42
Q

describe whole practice

A

entire task performed from beginning to end

effective for acquiring continuous skills

43
Q

blocked order practice

A

same task performed repeatedly under same conditions in predictable order

each rep is the same
- ex: step up on 6’’ step

appropriate during cognitive (initial) stage of learning

44
Q

random order practice

A

slight variations of same task carried out in unpredictable order

each rep is different
- ex: step up to variable heights

leads to better skill retention and generalizability of skills

45
Q

random/blocked order practice

A

variations of same task performed in random order

each variation is performed more than once
- ex: step up to variable height steps, 2 reps at each step

helpful w autonomous stage

46
Q

what is physical practice

A

movements of exercise or functional task that are actually performed

47
Q

what is mental practice

A

aka visualization, motor imagery practice

cognitive rehearsal of how motor task is to be performed that occurs prior to executing task
- reinforces cognitive component of learning
- enhances skill acquisition at a faster rate than physical practice alone

48
Q

what patient population has mental practice been found particularly helpful with

A

anxious/apprehensive
- preplan motor activities so know what will happen
- ex: pts w hx of falls, post-op

49
Q

what is feedback

A

sensory info received & processed by learner during or after performing/attempting to perform a motor skill

50
Q

what is intrinsic feedback

A

from sensory systems of learner

arises from performing/attempting to perform task

involves proprioceptive, kinesthetic, tactile, visual, or auditory cues

provides KP and KR

51
Q

what is augmented feedback

A

extrinsic feedback
supplemental to intrinsic feedback

PT provided during or after task to provide KP or KR

verbal, tactile, auditory, visual

52
Q

why is augmented feedback important

A

patient might be seeing things more grossly
- we can see more specific to what the components of the movements look like

53
Q

knowledge of performance (KP) vs knowledge of results (KR)

A

KP: nature or quality of performance of a motor task
- intrinsic feedback during a task or immediate post-task augmented feedback

KR: outcome of a motor task
- immediate post-task augmented feedback

54
Q

concurrent vs postresponse timing of feedback

A

concurrent - during performance in real time

postresponse - after completing or attempting to complete a motor skill

55
Q

immediate vs delayed vs summary feedback

A

immediate - directly after task completed

delayed - short interval for pt reflection

summary - feedback ab avg performance following several reps

56
Q

variable vs constant feedback

A

variable - occurs intermittently during practice of motor task

constant - occurs regularly during practice of motor task

57
Q

what is a good way to motivate patient adherence

A

connect to what they’ve learned

58
Q

what are patient related factors that impact adherence to exercise

A

understanding of condition
understanding of exercise program
level of motivation

59
Q

what are 3 things that influence patient adherence to exercise

A

patient related factors

factors related to health condition or impairments

program-related variables

60
Q

what are program-related variables that impact adherence to exercise

A

complexity of program
quality of instruction/feedback

61
Q

what does an exercise program need to address

A

all areas of physical function w deficits

62
Q

the type of exercise selected should be consistent with what

A

individual needs of patient

63
Q

what does a PT need to do to enhance learning

A

provide quality instruction and feedback

64
Q

what is the MOST important thing about the patient’s experience

A

must be meaningful to the patient

MSK 1 (31 decks)

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