Lab 1 Flashcards
Frontal bone
paired bone that forms the front of the cranium (the forehead)
Orbit
the large opening that contains the eye, lower portion of the frontal bone forms the medial wall
Occipital bone
back and floor of the cranium
Occipital condyles
two knuckle-like projections on either side of the foramen magnum
Basisphenoid bone
ventral suface of the skull, anterior to the occipital bone, This bone is wing-shaped; the human version looks a bit like a bat with its wings extended. The base of the wings is the part of the bone that lies anterior to the occipital bone, and the wings extend upwards to form part of the wall of the back of the orbit. Within the orbit, are two openings in the wings of the basisphenoid through which cranial nerves exit the brain.
Foramen rotundum
the more rostral opening of the two found in the basisphenoid bone
Presphenoid bone
small, unpaired, arrowhead-shaped bone just anterior to the basisphenoid. The presphenoid also has wing -like projections that extend upward into the orbit
Optic foramen
the opening in the presphenoid bone through which the optic nerve passes
Orbital fissure
immediately caudal to the optic foramen (and cranial to foramen rotundum). The orbital fissu re is called a fissure rather than a foramen because the opening is formed as three bones (the presphenoid, frontal, and maxilla) grow together around a bundle of cranial nerves and blood vessels.
Temporal bone
lies ventral to the lateral border of the parietal bone, consists of three parts
Tympanic bulla
The large, bulbous structure that houses the components of the middle ear
Mastoid process
Stubby projection at the dorsocaudal edge of the external auditory meatus
External auditory meatus
Perforated each bulla, the large opening that, in life, is covered by the tympanic membrane or eardrum
Palatine bone
Paired bone that makes up most of the hard palate
Maxilla bone
Facial bone that forms the side of the upper jaw and has a short, broad zygomatic process
Premaxilla bone
Extends upward to form the rostral wall and floor of the nasal cavity
Nasal bone
between the maxilla bones and form the dorsal surface of the nasal cavity (the bridge of the nose)
Lacrimal bone
small, squarish bone in the anterior corner of the orbit that is pierced by the nasolacrimal canal
Nasolacrimal Canal
pierces the lacrimal bone, through which the lacrimal (tear) duct passes
Jugal bone
zygoma/malar) - lower jaw or mandible is formed by the fusion of the left and right dentary bones. This differs from the human mandible which is a single bone. The body of the dentary is the long, straight portion that holds the teeth (3 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, and 1 molar per side)
Dentary (lower jaw bone)
Ramus
large, flattened caudal part of the dentary bone
Symphysis
region where the left and right halves are fused together
Condyloid process
knuckle-like projection that articulates with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone (this is the site of temporal-mandibular joint disorder in humans
Coronoid process
large, flat, crown-like extension that serves as a site for muscle attachment