Lab 1

Question 1

Frontal bone

Answer 1

paired bone that forms the front of the cranium (the forehead)

Question 2

Orbit

Answer 2

the large opening that contains the eye, lower portion of the frontal bone forms the medial wall

Question 3

Occipital bone

Answer 3

back and floor of the cranium

Question 4

Occipital condyles

Answer 4

two knuckle-like projections on either side of the foramen magnum

Question 5

Basisphenoid bone

Answer 5

ventral suface of the skull, anterior to the occipital bone, This bone is wing-shaped; the human version looks a bit like a bat with its wings extended. The base of the wings is the part of the bone that lies anterior to the occipital bone, and the wings extend upwards to form part of the wall of the back of the orbit. Within the orbit, are two openings in the wings of the basisphenoid through which cranial nerves exit the brain.

Question 6

Foramen rotundum

Answer 6

the more rostral opening of the two found in the basisphenoid bone

Question 7

Presphenoid bone

Answer 7

small, unpaired, arrowhead-shaped bone just anterior to the basisphenoid. The presphenoid also has wing -like projections that extend upward into the orbit

Question 8

Optic foramen

Answer 8

the opening in the presphenoid bone through which the optic nerve passes

Question 9

Orbital fissure

Answer 9

immediately caudal to the optic foramen (and cranial to foramen rotundum). The orbital fissu re is called a fissure rather than a foramen because the opening is formed as three bones (the presphenoid, frontal, and maxilla) grow together around a bundle of cranial nerves and blood vessels.

Question 10

Temporal bone

Answer 10

lies ventral to the lateral border of the parietal bone, consists of three parts

Question 11

Tympanic bulla

Answer 11

The large, bulbous structure that houses the components of the middle ear

Question 12

Mastoid process

Answer 12

Stubby projection at the dorsocaudal edge of the external auditory meatus

Question 13

External auditory meatus

Answer 13

Perforated each bulla, the large opening that, in life, is covered by the tympanic membrane or eardrum

Question 14

Palatine bone

Answer 14

Paired bone that makes up most of the hard palate

Question 15

Maxilla bone

Answer 15

Facial bone that forms the side of the upper jaw and has a short, broad zygomatic process

Question 16

Premaxilla bone

Answer 16

Extends upward to form the rostral wall and floor of the nasal cavity

Question 17

Nasal bone

Answer 17

between the maxilla bones and form the dorsal surface of the nasal cavity (the bridge of the nose)

Question 18

Lacrimal bone

Answer 18

small, squarish bone in the anterior corner of the orbit that is pierced by the nasolacrimal canal

Question 19

Nasolacrimal Canal

Answer 19

pierces the lacrimal bone, through which the lacrimal (tear) duct passes

Question 20

Jugal bone

Answer 20

zygoma/malar) - lower jaw or mandible is formed by the fusion of the left and right dentary bones. This differs from the human mandible which is a single bone. The body of the dentary is the long, straight portion that holds the teeth (3 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, and 1 molar per side)
Dentary (lower jaw bone)

Question 21

Ramus

Answer 21

large, flattened caudal part of the dentary bone

Question 22

Symphysis

Answer 22

region where the left and right halves are fused together

Question 23

Condyloid process

Answer 23

knuckle-like projection that articulates with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone (this is the site of temporal-mandibular joint disorder in humans

Question 24

Coronoid process

Answer 24

large, flat, crown-like extension that serves as a site for muscle attachment

Question 25

Angular process

Answer 25

ventrocaudal corner of the dentary also serves as a site for muscle attachment.
hyoid bone - shaped bone found at the top of the larynx. It does not articulate with any other bones, but serves as the site for attachment of muscles of the throat and neck.

Question 26

Hyoid bone

Answer 26

shaped bone found at the top of the larynx. It does not articulate with any other bones, but serves as the site for attachment of muscles of the throat and neck.

Question 27

Sternum

Answer 27

central bone of the ventral thoracic cage. It is composed of 6 segments

Question 28

Costal cartilages

Answer 28

Technically, each rib has a bony vertebral part and a ventral cartilaginous part, but the parts are separated in the disarticulated bone kits so “rib” is generally refers to the bone and the cartilaginous parts that remain attached to the sternum

Question 29

Xiphoid process

Answer 29

most caudal of the segments of the sternum

Question 30

Rib - head

Answer 30

head as the knobby end that fits between adjacent thoracic vertebrae

Question 31

Rib - neck

Answer 31

neck as the short constricted region behind the head

Question 32

Rib - tubercle

Answer 32

Flattened projection behind the neck that articulates with the transverse process of a thoracic foramen

Question 33

Shaft

Answer 33

long portion extending from the tubercle to the end of the rib

Question 34

Atlas

Answer 34

first of the cervical vertebrae, articulates cranially with the occipital condyles

Question 35

Axis

Answer 35

second cervical vertebrae, has a long odontoid process that projects cranially to articulate with the atlas

Question 36

Odontoid process

Answer 36

found on the axis, that projects cranially to articulate with the atlas

Question 37

Transverse foramina

Answer 37

small holes) on either side of the body through which the vertebral artery passes

Question 38

Spinous process

Answer 38

Found on the dorsal side of the vertebrae

Question 39

Transverse process

Answer 39

Extends laterally from the vertebrae