Class Notes - Tissues and Integument Flashcards
more details about the connective tissue
general functions
- provide support and strength to other tissues
- compartmentalize organs
- protect and insulate
- store energy in fat form
- house immune cells
differences of connective tissue and epithelial tissues
ct - cells within abundant extracellular matrix
ct - highly vascularized and innervated
what are the 4 types of mature connective tissue?
what is their embryonic origin?
- connective tissue proper (loose and dense)
- cartilage
- bone
- liquid
- mesoderm
what are the types of Loose connective tissue?
Areolar
Adipose
reticular
characteristics of areolar connective tissue
- wide spread
- surrounded by nerves
- aka mesentery
- 3 types of fibers
what are the 3 types of fibers found in areolar CT?
collagen
elastic
rectangular
characteristics of adipose connective tissue
(adipocytes - fat cells)
usually categorized as a different type of CT
characteristics of reticular connective tissue
lots of fiber found here
what are the types of DENSE CT?
irregular
regular
elastic
what are the 2 principle layers of the skin
epidermis
dermis
what makes up the integument?
skin + hypodermis
- Basic structure and features of the epidermis
- many layers
- 4 types of cells
- mostly keratinocytes
- Basic structure and features of the dermis
- all CT - papillary (v narrow)
- reticular layer - dense irregular Ct
- Basic structure and features of the hypodermis
mostly fat
what are the cells found in the epidermis?
keratinocytes
melanocytes
tactile epithelial (Merkel) cells
dendritic (Langerhans) cells
what are the functions of Keratinocytes?
make keratin
- found in all layers of the skin
what are the functions of melanocytes
produce melanin -> keratinocytes
what are the functions of tactile epithelial cells
aka Merkel cells
- specialized epithelial cells
- sensitive to light touch
what are the functions of dendritic cells
- aka Langerhans cells, Macrophages
- branched cells
- resident macrophages
what are the 4 layers of skin?
Stratum basale
Stratum spinous
Stratum granulosum
Stratum corneum
Properties of the stratum basale
- attached to dermis
- contains actively dividing cells
- melanocytes found here + tactile cells
- single layer
- bottom layer
Properties of the stratum spinosum
- 5-10 layers of cells
- produce bundles of keratin -> take on spiny shape
- dendrites
Properties of the stratum granulosum
- very thin or 3-6 layers of cells
- keratonohyalin (water proofing)
Properties of the stratum corner
- dead cells
- no nucleus
- empty sacs of keratin
Properties of the stratum lucidum
5th layer in thick skin
- somewhat transparent dead skin layer
- found between stratum corneum and stratum granulosum
