Class Notes - Intro To Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of the structure of the body

- determine where things are and what materials make up different components

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Study of the functions of the body

- investigating the chemical and biological processes that make things run

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3
Q

How are Physiology and Anatomy similar?

A

Lots of terminology

- basically a language to be learned

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4
Q

Gross anatomy

A

Anatomy on a large scale (most of lab work)

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5
Q

Histology

A

Higher level anatomy, looking at the structure of the body with a microscope

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6
Q

Light microscope

A

Light is passed through a thin section of sample

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7
Q

Electron microscope

A

Electrons are thrown at an object and are passed through to give a picture

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8
Q

Scanning electron

A

Electrons bounce from surface of object to give an image

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9
Q

Embryology

A

Study of the first 8 week of development, watch how it developed from a fertile egg to specialized parts of the Body

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10
Q

Developmental anatomy

A

study of the body from fertilization to death

- notes all the changes through the lifespan

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11
Q

Imaging or radio graphic anatomy

A

use techniques to visualize parts inside the body without dissection the body
- imaging by MRI, CAT scan…

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12
Q

Pathological anatomy

A

anatomy changes related to damage or disease

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13
Q

What is Hierarchical organization of the body?

A

Chemical -> Cell -> Tissue -> Organ -> Organ system -> Organism

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14
Q

What are the Six life processes

A
Metabolism 
Responsiveness 
Movement 
Growth 
Differentiation 
Reproduction
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15
Q

Metabolism

A

chemical processes cells must run for survival

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16
Q

Responsiveness

A

maintain homeostasis by response to changing environment

17
Q

Movement

A

most cells move
could be by just part of the cell or the whole cell
(cilia vs flagellum?)

18
Q

Growth

A

increase of cell size, amount of cells, or increased of extra cellular material

19
Q

Differentiation

A

Of the cell types (they become different)

- specialization

20
Q

Reproduction

A

Form new cells

21
Q

Anatomical position

A

feet shoulder width apart and palms facing forward (thumbs outward)
• go over regional terms to reference specific body areas

22
Q

What does embryology study?

A
  • the development of body tissue and organs

- during the first 8 weeks of development, post conception, ends when organ formation is completed

23
Q

Events of embryology during week 1

A

Day 5 - blastocyst reached uterus
Day 6 - blastocyst develops into inner cell mass and trophoblast
Day 7 - implantation begins

24
Q

Events of embryology during week 2

A

Day 9 - the inner cell mass divides into epiblast and then turns into the amniotic sac
- hypoblast turns into the yolk sac
Day 11 - implantation complete; bilaminar embryonic disk

25
Events of embryology during week 3
Day 14/15 - primitive streak forms (on doral epiblast) - epiblast cells migrate inward to begin the process of gastrulation - 1st cells become endoderm (continuous with hypoblast, becomes complete) Day 16 - invagination continues - mesoderm forms - notochord develops Remaining epiblast cells become ectoderm
26
What are the 3 germ layers
Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm
27
Ectoderm develops into
Skin, nervous system
28
Mesoderm develops into
Intervertebral discs - intervertebral discs - vertebrae and ribs - trunk and limb muscles - dermis - kidneys - gonads - non epithelial parts of digestive and respiratory tracts - digestive glands
29
Endoderm develops into
Lining of digestive and respiratory tracts; digestive glands
30
What is a cell
* Functional unit of life (smallest indivisible unit of body to operate on its own) * Site of chemical reactions necessary for life processes
31
What are the primary compartments of the cell
Plasma membrane Nucleus Cytoplasm