La relation d’activation parent-enfant: théorie et méthode Flashcards
La théorie de la relation d’activation père-enfant
- Emotional bonding of the child to the parent who is open to the world on a daily basis
=Emphasis on the “exploration” pole: active parent during exploration
=The context of an emotional bond facilitates the child’s learning - General function: openness to the world
=Direct paternal roles:
+Stimulate the child by confronting the physical and social environment to develop skills
+protect the child from the dangers of the environment by setting limits (through discipline and games; sensitive control); importance of authority
=especially with boys (more aggressive, active, impulsive and adventurous than girls)
more aggressive, active, impulsive and adventurous than girls) who take more risks and have more accidents
= limits and rules make the child feel safe
Interactions
Mère-bébé vs. Père-bébé
MÈRE:
- Calms and comforts the child
- More verbal and didactic
- Cognitive games focused on objects
Interactions
Mère-bébé vs. Père-bébé
Père
- Excites the child
- More physical
- Unpredictable, idiosyncratic, unconventional play
La fonction paternelle de l’ouverture au monde
- The father helps the child to open up to the outside world:
- The father responds to the need for stimuli, impulses and incentives through energizing action
- Through unpredictable or unconventional games and teasing, the child is destabilized and learns to react to unforeseen events, to novelty
L’ouverture au monde
- Catalyst for risk taking:
- Encourages the child to take initiative, to venture out, to be more daring, to be assertive
- encourages exploration in risky environments
- prepares the child to face a certain danger
L’ouverture au monde
The child learns self-confidence and autonomy:
- problem solving without recourse to the adult
- exploration of the new
- ability to confront when necessary
Rôle didactique du père au plan du langage
- more unfamiliar words
- more requests for clarification (language bridge)
- more questions requiring elaboration
- more requests for action
- more often refuses to solve problems for the child
L’enfant au plan du langage
- plus d’expressifs à la mère
- more polite to the father
- more demanding with the mother
- more requests for action to the father
- more expressive to the mother
Typologie de la qualité de la relation d’activation
- Sous-active
- Activé
aactive
pologie de la qualité de la relation d’activation
- Sous-active:
- Explores little, is passive and stays close to the parent
- Linked to overprotection
- Activé:
- Confident and cautious in exploring, and obeys the parent when setting limits
- Sur-active:
Hypersociable, reckless and does not obey the parent when setting limits - Linked to lack of supervision (setting limits) by the parent
Pourcentage des dyades père-enfant
en fonction de la classification avec la Situation étrangère (A, B, C, D) et de la )
Pourcentage des dyades père-enfant
en fonction de la classification avec la Situation étrangère (A, B, C, D) et de la classification avec la Situation risqué
see image
La qualité de la relation d’activation depend du …
- gender of parent
- Fathers activate children more than mothers do
- Fathers under-activate children more than mothers do
- Mothers over-activate children more than fathers do
La qualité de la relation d’activation depend du …
the child’s gender
- Fathers and mothers under-activate girls more than boys
- Fathers and mothers over-activate boys more than girls
La qualité de la relation d’activation depend du … (suite)
child’s temperament
- Impulsivity
- Shyness
- Sociability
Parenting behavior
- Stimulation of risk taking
- Limit setting (protection)
Le rôle primordial du comportement parental
- Parental stimulation to risk taking significantly explains child activation after controlling:
- The child’s gender
- The child’s temperament
Prédictions vérifiées jusqu’à ce jour
- Girls are more overprotected
- Boys are more encouraged to take risks
- Activation relationship at 15 months predicts frequency of father-child battle games only in boys
- Children under-activated by their fathers have more internalizing problems, especially anxiety
- (Children over-activated by their father have more externalizing problems, especially physical aggression)
- Father acts as a protective factor: Insecure or disorganized attachment with mother is associated with fewer anxiety symptoms in children when the father-child activation relationship is of good quality
À verifier …
- Relationship Arrangements with Parents
- Activated children have a greater diversity of competitive strategies
- are bistrategic children
- obtain more resources
La situation risquée
- 20-minute observational procedure
- 6 steps including:
- Presentation of a social risk (an intrusive male stranger)
- Presentation of a physical risk (a staircase)
- Reaction to the forbidden
- 5 criteria to classify; also produces scores between 0 and 5 of underactivation, activation and overactivation
-30 minutes of coding by researcher or facilitator
Exploration du lien entre la fonction paternelle d’ouverture au monde (relation d’activation) et l’adaptation des jeunes
- Substance abuse
- Dropping out of school
- Delinquency and crime
- School success
- Violence in school
- Social skills and self-perception
- Stress and anxiety
- Accidental injury
- In the context of immigration
Pôles de la relation d’attachement à évaluer chez chaque parent
- Basic safety:
- Maintaining proximity so that the child can be protected and basic needs met.
- by comforting, soothing the child when he/she is distressed
- helps to develop a positive self-image and confidence in the parent
Pôles de la relation d’attachement à évaluer chez chaque parent
- Opening to the world:
- Through activation, stimulate the child to engage with the environment to develop skills.
- ensure protection by imposing limits
- helps develop a positive self-image and confidence in the parent
