La relation d’activation parent-enfant: théorie et méthode

Question 1

La théorie de la relation d’activation père-enfant

Answer 1

• Emotional bonding of the child to the parent who is open to the world on a daily basis
  =Emphasis on the “exploration” pole: active parent during exploration
  =The context of an emotional bond facilitates the child’s learning
• General function: openness to the world
  =Direct paternal roles:
  +Stimulate the child by confronting the physical and social environment to develop skills
  +protect the child from the dangers of the environment by setting limits (through discipline and games; sensitive control); importance of authority
  =especially with boys (more aggressive, active, impulsive and adventurous than girls)
  more aggressive, active, impulsive and adventurous than girls) who take more risks and have more accidents
  = limits and rules make the child feel safe

Question 2

Interactions
Mère-bébé vs. Père-bébé

Answer 2

MÈRE:
- Calms and comforts the child
- More verbal and didactic
- Cognitive games focused on objects

Question 3

Interactions
Mère-bébé vs. Père-bébé

Answer 3

Père
- Excites the child
- More physical
- Unpredictable, idiosyncratic, unconventional play

Question 4

La fonction paternelle de l’ouverture au monde

Answer 4

• The father helps the child to open up to the outside world:
• The father responds to the need for stimuli, impulses and incentives through energizing action
• Through unpredictable or unconventional games and teasing, the child is destabilized and learns to react to unforeseen events, to novelty

Question 5

L’ouverture au monde

Answer 5

• Catalyst for risk taking:
• Encourages the child to take initiative, to venture out, to be more daring, to be assertive
• encourages exploration in risky environments
• prepares the child to face a certain danger

Question 6

L’ouverture au monde

Answer 6

The child learns self-confidence and autonomy:

• problem solving without recourse to the adult
• exploration of the new
• ability to confront when necessary

Question 7

Rôle didactique du père au plan du langage

Answer 7

• more unfamiliar words
• more requests for clarification (language bridge)
• more questions requiring elaboration
• more requests for action
• more often refuses to solve problems for the child

Question 8

L’enfant au plan du langage

Answer 8

• plus d’expressifs à la mère
• more polite to the father
• more demanding with the mother
• more requests for action to the father
• more expressive to the mother

Question 9

Typologie de la qualité de la relation d’activation

Answer 9

• Sous-active
• Activé
  aactive

Question 10

pologie de la qualité de la relation d’activation

Answer 10

• Sous-active:
  
  • Explores little, is passive and stays close to the parent
• • Linked to overprotection
• Activé:
  
  • Confident and cautious in exploring, and obeys the parent when setting limits
• Sur-active:
  Hypersociable, reckless and does not obey the parent when setting limits
• Linked to lack of supervision (setting limits) by the parent

Answer 11

Pourcentage des dyades père-enfant
en fonction de la classification avec la Situation étrangère (A, B, C, D) et de la )

Question 12

Pourcentage des dyades père-enfant
en fonction de la classification avec la Situation étrangère (A, B, C, D) et de la classification avec la Situation risqué

Answer 12

see image

Question 13

La qualité de la relation d’activation depend du …

Answer 13

• gender of parent
• Fathers activate children more than mothers do
• Fathers under-activate children more than mothers do
• Mothers over-activate children more than fathers do

Question 14

La qualité de la relation d’activation depend du …

Answer 14

the child’s gender
- Fathers and mothers under-activate girls more than boys
- Fathers and mothers over-activate boys more than girls

Question 15

La qualité de la relation d’activation depend du … (suite)

Answer 15

child’s temperament
- Impulsivity
- Shyness
- Sociability

Parenting behavior
- Stimulation of risk taking
- Limit setting (protection)

Question 16

Le rôle primordial du comportement parental

Answer 16

• Parental stimulation to risk taking significantly explains child activation after controlling:
• The child’s gender
• The child’s temperament

Question 17

Prédictions vérifiées jusqu’à ce jour

Answer 17

• Girls are more overprotected
• Boys are more encouraged to take risks
• Activation relationship at 15 months predicts frequency of father-child battle games only in boys
• Children under-activated by their fathers have more internalizing problems, especially anxiety
• (Children over-activated by their father have more externalizing problems, especially physical aggression)
• Father acts as a protective factor: Insecure or disorganized attachment with mother is associated with fewer anxiety symptoms in children when the father-child activation relationship is of good quality

Question 18

À verifier …

Answer 18

• Relationship Arrangements with Parents
• Activated children have a greater diversity of competitive strategies
• are bistrategic children
• obtain more resources

Question 19

La situation risquée

Answer 19

• 20-minute observational procedure
• 6 steps including:
• Presentation of a social risk (an intrusive male stranger)
• Presentation of a physical risk (a staircase)
• Reaction to the forbidden
• 5 criteria to classify; also produces scores between 0 and 5 of underactivation, activation and overactivation
  -30 minutes of coding by researcher or facilitator

Question 20

Exploration du lien entre la fonction paternelle d’ouverture au monde (relation d’activation) et l’adaptation des jeunes

Answer 20

• Substance abuse
• Dropping out of school
• Delinquency and crime
• School success
• Violence in school
• Social skills and self-perception
• Stress and anxiety
• Accidental injury
• In the context of immigration

Question 21

Pôles de la relation d’attachement à évaluer chez chaque parent

Answer 21

• Basic safety:
• • Maintaining proximity so that the child can be protected and basic needs met.
• • by comforting, soothing the child when he/she is distressed
• • helps to develop a positive self-image and confidence in the parent

Question 22

Pôles de la relation d’attachement à évaluer chez chaque parent

Answer 22

• Opening to the world:
• Through activation, stimulate the child to engage with the environment to develop skills.
• ensure protection by imposing limits
• helps develop a positive self-image and confidence in the parent