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PARASITOLOGY > L9: Tick Infestation > Flashcards

L9: Tick Infestation Flashcards

1
Q

ticks are a destructive group of ______ sucking parasitic arthropods

A

blood

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2
Q

when are ticks most abundant (Seasonally)?

A

spring and fall
but can be active all year round

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3
Q

T/F: Ticks are physically able to survive long periods between blood meals, up to several years!

A

T

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4
Q

tick are small, blood feeding _______ in the suborder lxodida

A

arachnids

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5
Q

what are the 2 tick families of greatest veterinary importance

A

ixodidae
argasidae

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6
Q

term for head of ticks

A

capitulum or gnathosoma

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7
Q

describe the general anatomy of ticks

A

head thorax and abdomen are fused
No mandible or antennae

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8
Q

describe the mouthparts of ticks

A

two chelicerae: cutting blades for laceration
one hypostome: barbed, penetrating sucking organ
two palps: accessory appendages

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9
Q

term for tick body

A

idiosoma
dorsoventrally flattened & they have 8 legs

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10
Q

what are spiracles

A

respiratory openings

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11
Q

what are festoons

A

grooves on the back margin of ticks

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12
Q

what is a scutum

A

dorsal shield

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13
Q

where do ticks have eyes

A

the sides of their body
these eyes can detect light, shadows or movement

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14
Q

what is transovarian transmission

A

disease organisms are passed from the adult female tick to her larvae through infection of her ovaries/eggs

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15
Q

what is transstadial transmission

A

infected female –> eggs –> infected larva –> infected lymph –> infection acquired by a nymph is carried through the molt and transmitted to the host on which the adult tick feeds

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16
Q

what are Argasidae

A

soft ticks
140 spcies

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17
Q

3 genera of Argasidae important in vetmed

A
  • Argas
  • Ornithodoros
  • Otobius
  • Carios (bats)
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18
Q

where do ascarids live

A

nests, burrows, buildings and sleeping places of their host animals

mostly in arid regions / drier habitats

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19
Q

Argasidae life stages

A

Egg (laid in several batches of hundreds)
larva (2 or more nymphal stages)
adult male and female

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20
Q

most argasid ticks undergo a _______-host life cycle

A

multi host

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21
Q

Argasid ticks have two or more ______ stages

A

nymphal
each stage requires a blood meal from a host

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22
Q

argasid ticks feed rapidly and then

A

leave their host to return to shelter areas

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23
Q

what do female argasids do after each feeding

A

lay a clutch of eggs

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24
Q

describe the physical characteristics of Argasid ticks

A

5-10mm, flattened, ovoid and yellow to reddish-brown

leathery, mammilated, wrinkled

mouthparts are on ventral surface

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25
are Argasid ticks usually found on their hosts?
no they only attach for feeding, to find them look in the environment
26
where can Argasids be found in the US
areas along the Gulf of Mexico and Mexican border
27
*Argas persius*
fowl tick aka "blue bugs"
28
hosts of *Argas persius*
domestic fowl, several wild birds (ducks, geese, pigeons)
29
what disease do Argasid ticks transmit
Tick paralysis
30
Tick paralysis occurs from infestation with the larvae of ________ which can result in fatal flaccid paralysis of young chickens
*Argas persicus*
31
what are the physical characteristics of *Ornithodoros spp*
they are more globular, they lack a sharp lateral margin the body is flattened when unfed
32
where are*Ornithodoros spp* found
* cracks and crannies of avian roosts and nests * rodent burrows * nesting places of large mammals
33
rodent parasite found in areas of the Rocky Mountains and Pacific Coast states
*Ornithodoros hermsi*
34
tick that is prevalent in California and Oregon that attacks deer and cattle
*Ornithodoros coriaceus*
35
what diseases are transmitted by *Ornithodoros spp*
*Pajaroellobacter abortibovis* epizootic bovine abortion *Borrelia spp *relapsing fever spirochetes
36
one host ticks can transmit disease organisms by ______ transmission
transovarial
37
2 or 3 host ticks can transmit disease organisms via _____ transmission
transstadial
38
what is a one host tick
species that complete both molts (larva to nymph, nymph to adult) without leaving the host
39
what are two host ticks
an engorged nymph drops off the host to molt
40
what are 3 host ticks
enorged larvae and nymphs drop off to molt
41
2 species of Ixodes to know
*Ixodes scapularis* *Ixodes pacificus*
42
*Ixodes scapularis*
deer tick or blacklegged tick
43
*Ixodes pacificus*
western blacklegged tick prevalent in Western USA
44
what is the main host of *Ixodes scapularis*
white tailed deer
45
where are *Ixodes scapularis* prevalent geographically
eastern and northern central USA
46
what is the main host of *Ixodes pacificus*
Lizards and small mammals | western blacklegged tick
47
*Ixodes* are ____-host ticks
3
48
physical characteristics of *Ixodes*
* inornate scutum * anterior anal groove * lack festoons
49
physical characteristics of *Rhipicephalus*
* inornate scutum * hexagonal basis capitula * have festoons
50
two important species of *Rhipicephalus*
*Rhipicephalus sanguineus* (brown dog tick) *Rhipicephalus annulatus* (cattle tick)
51
what species of tick is the hexagonal basis capitula characteristic of ?
*Rhipicephalus*
52
main host of *Rhipicephalus sanguineus*
dogs, Brown dog tick
53
primary host of *Rhipicephalus annulatus*
domestic animals
54
*R. sanguineus* is a ____ host tick
three
55
*R. annulatus* is a ____ host tick
one
56
disease transmitted by *R. annulatus*
**Babesia bovis** = Bovine piroplasmosis
57
disease transmitted by *R. sanguineus*
**Babesia canis** = canine piroplasmosis
58
where is *R. sanguineus* prevalent geographically?
worldwide distribution
59
where is *R. annulatus* prevalent geographically?
tropical/subtropical areas
60
*R. sanguineus* (brown dog tick)
61
what is the most implicated genus of ticks causing tick paralysis in the US?
*Dermacentor*
62
*Dermacentor ticks* are ______ host ticks
three
63
physical characteristics of *Dermacentor ticks*
* Ornate scutum * retangular basis capitula * have festoons
64
*Dermacentor andersoni*
Rock Mtn Wood Tick Rocky Mtn Region
65
primary hosts for *Dermacentor andersoni*
Dogs and small mammals
66
primary hosts for *Dermacentor variabilis*
dogs, other mammals
67
*Dermacentor variabilis*
american dog tick
68
where is *Dermacentor variabilis* prevalent geographically?
Eastern half and West coast of USA
69
*Ambylomma* are _____-host ticks
three
70
defining physical characteristics of *Amblyomma*
* ornate scutum * mouthparts longer than basis capitula * have festoons
71
*Ambylomma americanum*
Lone Star Tick
72
primary host of *Ambylomma americanum*
white tailed deer
73
geographical location of *Ambylomma americanum*
southeastern coastal states in US
74
disease transmitted by *Ambylomma americanum*
**Cytauxzoon felis** fatal protozoal disease of cat
75
*Amblyomma macultatum*
Gulf coast tick
76
primary host of *Amblyomma macultatum*
small rodents, birds, mammals
77
disease transmitted by *Amblyomma macultatum*
**Hepatozoon americanum** (american hepatozoonosis)
78
*Haemaphysalis* are _____-host ticks
three
79
physical characteristics of *Haemaphysalis*
* inornate scutum * palpi have laterally flattened second segment
80
*Haemaphysalis leporispalustris*
rabbit tick
81
what disease does *Haemaphysalis leporispalustris* transmit
**Theileria spp.** protozoal disease of small and large ruminants
82
what is tick toxicosis
ascending paralysis caused by absorption of toxins from saliva of engorging female ticks
83
clinical importance of ticks
* tick toxicosis * bite wounds * blood loss * ill thrift (tick worry) * red meat allergy in humans

PARASITOLOGY (14 decks)

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