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PARASITOLOGY > L9: Tick Infestation > Flashcards

L9: Tick Infestation Flashcards

1
Q

ticks are a destructive group of ______ sucking parasitic arthropods

A

blood

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2
Q

when are ticks most abundant (Seasonally)?

A

spring and fall
but can be active all year round

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3
Q

T/F: Ticks are physically able to survive long periods between blood meals, up to several years!

A

T

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4
Q

tick are small, blood feeding _______ in the suborder lxodida

A

arachnids

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5
Q

what are the 2 tick families of greatest veterinary importance

A

ixodidae
argasidae

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6
Q

term for head of ticks

A

capitulum or gnathosoma

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7
Q

describe the general anatomy of ticks

A

head thorax and abdomen are fused
No mandible or antennae

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8
Q

describe the mouthparts of ticks

A

two chelicerae: cutting blades for laceration
one hypostome: barbed, penetrating sucking organ
two palps: accessory appendages

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9
Q

term for tick body

A

idiosoma
dorsoventrally flattened & they have 8 legs

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10
Q

what are spiracles

A

respiratory openings

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11
Q

what are festoons

A

grooves on the back margin of ticks

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12
Q

what is a scutum

A

dorsal shield

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13
Q

where do ticks have eyes

A

the sides of their body
these eyes can detect light, shadows or movement

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14
Q

what is transovarian transmission

A

disease organisms are passed from the adult female tick to her larvae through infection of her ovaries/eggs

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15
Q

what is transstadial transmission

A

infected female –> eggs –> infected larva –> infected lymph –> infection acquired by a nymph is carried through the molt and transmitted to the host on which the adult tick feeds

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16
Q

what are Argasidae

A

soft ticks
140 spcies

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17
Q

3 genera of Argasidae important in vetmed

A
  • Argas
  • Ornithodoros
  • Otobius
  • Carios (bats)
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18
Q

where do ascarids live

A

nests, burrows, buildings and sleeping places of their host animals

mostly in arid regions / drier habitats

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19
Q

Argasidae life stages

A

Egg (laid in several batches of hundreds)
larva (2 or more nymphal stages)
adult male and female

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20
Q

most argasid ticks undergo a _______-host life cycle

A

multi host

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21
Q

Argasid ticks have two or more ______ stages

A

nymphal
each stage requires a blood meal from a host

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22
Q

argasid ticks feed rapidly and then

A

leave their host to return to shelter areas

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23
Q

what do female argasids do after each feeding

A

lay a clutch of eggs

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24
Q

describe the physical characteristics of Argasid ticks

A

5-10mm, flattened, ovoid and yellow to reddish-brown

leathery, mammilated, wrinkled

mouthparts are on ventral surface

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25
Q

are Argasid ticks usually found on their hosts?

A

no they only attach for feeding, to find them look in the environment

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26
Q

where can Argasids be found in the US

A

areas along the Gulf of Mexico and Mexican border

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27
Q

Argas persius

A

fowl tick aka “blue bugs”

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28
Q

hosts of Argas persius

A

domestic fowl, several wild birds (ducks, geese, pigeons)

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29
Q

what disease do Argasid ticks transmit

A

Tick paralysis

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30
Q

Tick paralysis occurs from infestation with the larvae of ________ which can result in fatal flaccid paralysis of young chickens

A

Argas persicus

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31
Q

what are the physical characteristics of Ornithodoros spp

A

they are more globular, they lack a sharp lateral margin

the body is flattened when unfed

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32
Q

where areOrnithodoros spp found

A
  • cracks and crannies of avian roosts and nests
  • rodent burrows
  • nesting places of large mammals
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33
Q

rodent parasite found in areas of the Rocky Mountains and Pacific Coast states

A

Ornithodoros hermsi

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34
Q

tick that is prevalent in California and Oregon that attacks deer and cattle

A

Ornithodoros coriaceus

35
Q

what diseases are transmitted by Ornithodoros spp

A

Pajaroellobacter abortibovis epizootic bovine abortion
*Borrelia spp *relapsing fever spirochetes

36
Q

one host ticks can transmit disease organisms by ______ transmission

A

transovarial

37
Q

2 or 3 host ticks can transmit disease organisms via _____ transmission

A

transstadial

38
Q

what is a one host tick

A

species that complete both molts (larva to nymph, nymph to adult) without leaving the host

39
Q

what are two host ticks

A

an engorged nymph drops off the host to molt

40
Q

what are 3 host ticks

A

enorged larvae and nymphs drop off to molt

41
Q

2 species of Ixodes to know

A

Ixodes scapularis
Ixodes pacificus

42
Q

Ixodes scapularis

A

deer tick or blacklegged tick

43
Q

Ixodes pacificus

A

western blacklegged tick
prevalent in Western USA

44
Q

what is the main host of Ixodes scapularis

A

white tailed deer

45
Q

where are Ixodes scapularis prevalent geographically

A

eastern and northern central USA

46
Q

what is the main host of Ixodes pacificus

A

Lizards and small mammals

western blacklegged tick

47
Q

Ixodes are ____-host ticks

A

3

48
Q

physical characteristics of Ixodes

A
  • inornate scutum
  • anterior anal groove
  • lack festoons
49
Q

physical characteristics of Rhipicephalus

A
  • inornate scutum
  • hexagonal basis capitula
  • have festoons
50
Q

two important species of Rhipicephalus

A

Rhipicephalus sanguineus (brown dog tick)
Rhipicephalus annulatus (cattle tick)

51
Q

what species of tick is the hexagonal basis capitula characteristic of ?

A

Rhipicephalus

52
Q

main host of Rhipicephalus sanguineus

A

dogs, Brown dog tick

53
Q

primary host of Rhipicephalus annulatus

A

domestic animals

54
Q

R. sanguineus is a ____ host tick

A

three

55
Q

R. annulatus is a ____ host tick

A

one

56
Q

disease transmitted by R. annulatus

A

Babesia bovis = Bovine piroplasmosis

57
Q

disease transmitted by R. sanguineus

A

Babesia canis = canine piroplasmosis

58
Q

where is R. sanguineus prevalent geographically?

A

worldwide distribution

59
Q

where is R. annulatus prevalent geographically?

A

tropical/subtropical areas

60
Q
A

R. sanguineus (brown dog tick)

61
Q

what is the most implicated genus of ticks causing tick paralysis in the US?

A

Dermacentor

62
Q

Dermacentor ticks are ______ host ticks

A

three

63
Q

physical characteristics of Dermacentor ticks

A
  • Ornate scutum
  • retangular basis capitula
  • have festoons
64
Q

Dermacentor andersoni

A

Rock Mtn Wood Tick
Rocky Mtn Region

65
Q

primary hosts for Dermacentor andersoni

A

Dogs and small mammals

66
Q

primary hosts for Dermacentor variabilis

A

dogs, other mammals

67
Q

Dermacentor variabilis

A

american dog tick

68
Q

where is Dermacentor variabilis prevalent geographically?

A

Eastern half and West coast of USA

69
Q

Ambylomma are _____-host ticks

A

three

70
Q

defining physical characteristics of Amblyomma

A
  • ornate scutum
  • mouthparts longer than basis capitula
  • have festoons
71
Q

Ambylomma americanum

A

Lone Star Tick

72
Q

primary host of Ambylomma americanum

A

white tailed deer

73
Q

geographical location of Ambylomma americanum

A

southeastern coastal states in US

74
Q

disease transmitted by Ambylomma americanum

A

Cytauxzoon felis fatal protozoal disease of cat

75
Q

Amblyomma macultatum

A

Gulf coast tick

76
Q

primary host of Amblyomma macultatum

A

small rodents, birds, mammals

77
Q

disease transmitted by Amblyomma macultatum

A

Hepatozoon americanum (american hepatozoonosis)

78
Q

Haemaphysalis are _____-host ticks

A

three

79
Q

physical characteristics of Haemaphysalis

A
  • inornate scutum
  • palpi have laterally flattened second segment
80
Q

Haemaphysalis leporispalustris

A

rabbit tick

81
Q

what disease does Haemaphysalis leporispalustris transmit

A

Theileria spp. protozoal disease of small and large ruminants

82
Q

what is tick toxicosis

A

ascending paralysis caused by absorption of toxins from saliva of engorging female ticks

83
Q

clinical importance of ticks

A
  • tick toxicosis
  • bite wounds
  • blood loss
  • ill thrift (tick worry)
  • red meat allergy in humans

PARASITOLOGY (14 decks)

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