L5: Flies and Myiasis Flashcards
Physical charaacteristic of all Flies (Diptera)
- adults have 1 pair of wings
- halteres (modified hindwings)
what type of metamorphosis (complete or incomplete) do flies (Diptera) undergo
Complete (holometabolous)
egg - larva - pupa - adult
most flies are oviparous, what does that mean
lay eggs that hatch
what are hematophagous species of flies
feed on host blood w/ biting mouth
what is myiasis
flies feed on host animal tissue
causes tissue destruction + can lead to secondary infections
what group of flies contains myiasis larvae
Cyclorrhapha
Clinical importance of biting flies
cause painful/irritating bites, disrupt normal behavhior
* production loss
* severe reactions can lead to alopecia + secondary bacterial infections
* severe blood loss can occur
* pathoegens transmitted
clinical importance of non-biting flies
- irritate animals, disrupt normal behavior
- production loss
- irritation/damage to mucous membranes
- transmission of pathogens
diagnosis of fly infection
detection of:
* adults on/near host
* eggs on host (botflies)
* larvae on/near host
* larvae in feces or nost
3 components of a comprehensive fly control prorgram
- reduce host exposure to adult flies; eliminate egg/larvae on or in host
- control existing environmental infestation
- prevent re-infestation of host and or environment
prevention of adult fly prevelance
- insecticides
- oral insect growth regulators
- repellants, fly masks, smudge pots
- shelter animals during peak fly hours
treatment and prevention of myiasis
- insecticides
- macrocylic lactones (ivermectin)
- physical removal from host
pathogens caused by mosquitoes (culicidae)
- canine heartworm (filarioid nematodes)
- plasmodium (malaria)
- many viruses- west nile, EEE, rift valley fever, etc
type of nematocera that feeds on the blood of birds and mammals
blackflies (simuliidae)
pathogens caused by blackflies (simuliidae)
- Leucocytozoon
- filariod nematodes
- vesicular stomatitis
what flies cause simuliotoxicosis
blackflies (simuliidae)
pathogens carried by midges
- Filarioid nematodes
- leucocytozoon & Haemoproteus
many viruses: bluetongue, african horse sickness, etc
What type of Nematocera are Culicoides spp.
midges
Lutzomyia (new world) and Phlebotomus (old world) are what type of flies
Sandflies
pathogens caused by sandflies
Leishmania
vesicular stomatitis virus
Tabanus are ?
horseflies
Chrysops are ?
Deerflies
pathogen caused by horseflies and deerflies
trypanosoma
Haematobia spp
hornflies
Stomoxys spp
stable flies
Dipetera =?
flies
Culicidae = ?
mosquitoes
Simuliidae = ?
blackflies
Tabanidae = ?
hose + deerflies
Tabanus = ?
horseflies
Chrysops = ?
deerflies
Cyclorrhapha = ?
Biting Flies
Haematobia spp. = ?
horn flies (Cyclorrhapha)
Stomoxys spp. = ?
stable flies (Cyclorrhapha)
what organism causes equine allergic dermatitis
Midges (Ceratopogonidae)
Culicoides
what are the hosts for the parasite Leucocytozoon
- Midges
- blackflies (Simuliidae)
what carries Trypanosoma (a parasitic protozoa) of ungulates and other mammals
Horseflies & Deerflies (Tabanidae)
Brachycera
what transmits Francisella tularensis, Anaplasma marginale, Bacillus anthracis
Horseflies & Deerflies (Tabanidae)
Brachycera
what causes equine infectious anemia virus and WEEV (western equine encephalitis virus)
Horseflies & Deerflies (Tabanidae)
Brachycera
what flies live on cattle and feed frequently, causing heavy production loses
Horn flies (Haematobia)
Horn flies, Stable flies, Keds/louse flies and Tsetse flies are all…
biting flies
vectors of Trypanosoma bruceri which causes nagana and sleeping sickness
Tsetse flies (Glossinidae)
feed on ocular/nasal discharge of cattle and other livestock
Face fly (Musca autumnalis)
transmits the pathogens Spirurid nematodes of cattle + equids and Moraxella bovis (bovine keratoconjunctivitis)
Facefly (Musca autumnalis)
most abundant insect pest associated w/ livestock, poultry and people
House fly (M. domestica)
feeds on ocular/nasal fluids
Obligate (primary) myiasis larvae require what for survival
a live host for food
Facultative (secondary) myiasis larvae usually eat _______ and sometimes infest live animals
carrion (decaying flesh)
this family includes facultative and obligate myiasis causing species of flies
Flesh flies (Sarcophagidae)
fly that exhibits obligate myiasis, found in northern USA and Canada
Gray flesh fly Wohlfahrita vigil
the New World screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) exhibits ______Myiasis
obligate
eradicated from US by early 1990s
used in foresnsic science to estimate post-mortem interval, used in maggot therapy
Common green bottle fly (Lucilia sericata)
- Agents of obligate myiasis, most species are highly host and site specific, typically not highly pathogenic
- adults do not feed (vestigial mouthparts)
Botflies (Oestridae)
Primarily afflicts sheep and goat, wandering larvae can cause false gid
Sheep nasal botfly (Oestrus ovis)
causes subcutaneous cysts (warbles) in bovids and cervids (deer)
Heel flies (Hypoderma)
cause GI myiasis in equine, large numbers can be present w/out clinical signs
Horse botflies (Gasterophilus)
causes subcutaneous cysts in wild rodents and rabbits int eh Americas
Cuterebra
Botflies (Oestridae)
- causes myiasis of eye,nasal and oral regions of dogs and cats
- complications caused by wandering larvae
- cerebrospinal cuterbriasis
Cuterebra
Botflies (Oestridae)
