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PARASITOLOGY > L5: Flies and Myiasis > Flashcards

L5: Flies and Myiasis Flashcards

1
Q

Physical charaacteristic of all Flies (Diptera)

A
  • adults have 1 pair of wings
  • halteres (modified hindwings)
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2
Q

what type of metamorphosis (complete or incomplete) do flies (Diptera) undergo

A

Complete (holometabolous)
egg - larva - pupa - adult

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3
Q

most flies are oviparous, what does that mean

A

lay eggs that hatch

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4
Q

what are hematophagous species of flies

A

feed on host blood w/ biting mouth

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5
Q

what is myiasis

A

flies feed on host animal tissue
causes tissue destruction + can lead to secondary infections

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6
Q

what group of flies contains myiasis larvae

A

Cyclorrhapha

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7
Q

Clinical importance of biting flies

A

cause painful/irritating bites, disrupt normal behavhior
* production loss
* severe reactions can lead to alopecia + secondary bacterial infections
* severe blood loss can occur
* pathoegens transmitted

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8
Q

clinical importance of non-biting flies

A
  • irritate animals, disrupt normal behavior
  • production loss
  • irritation/damage to mucous membranes
  • transmission of pathogens
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9
Q

diagnosis of fly infection

A

detection of:
* adults on/near host
* eggs on host (botflies)
* larvae on/near host
* larvae in feces or nost

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10
Q

3 components of a comprehensive fly control prorgram

A
  • reduce host exposure to adult flies; eliminate egg/larvae on or in host
  • control existing environmental infestation
  • prevent re-infestation of host and or environment
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11
Q

prevention of adult fly prevelance

A
  • insecticides
  • oral insect growth regulators
  • repellants, fly masks, smudge pots
  • shelter animals during peak fly hours
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12
Q

treatment and prevention of myiasis

A
  • insecticides
  • macrocylic lactones (ivermectin)
  • physical removal from host
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13
Q

pathogens caused by mosquitoes (culicidae)

A
  • canine heartworm (filarioid nematodes)
  • plasmodium (malaria)
  • many viruses- west nile, EEE, rift valley fever, etc
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14
Q

type of nematocera that feeds on the blood of birds and mammals

A

blackflies (simuliidae)

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15
Q

pathogens caused by blackflies (simuliidae)

A
  • Leucocytozoon
  • filariod nematodes
  • vesicular stomatitis
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16
Q

what flies cause simuliotoxicosis

A

blackflies (simuliidae)

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17
Q

pathogens carried by midges

A
  • Filarioid nematodes
  • leucocytozoon & Haemoproteus
    many viruses: bluetongue, african horse sickness, etc
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18
Q

What type of Nematocera are Culicoides spp.

A

midges

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19
Q

Lutzomyia (new world) and Phlebotomus (old world) are what type of flies

A

Sandflies

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20
Q

pathogens caused by sandflies

A

Leishmania
vesicular stomatitis virus

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21
Q

Tabanus are ?

A

horseflies

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22
Q

Chrysops are ?

A

Deerflies

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23
Q

pathogen caused by horseflies and deerflies

A

trypanosoma

24
Q

Haematobia spp

A

hornflies

25
Q

Stomoxys spp

A

stable flies

26
Q

Dipetera =?

A

flies

27
Q

Culicidae = ?

A

mosquitoes

28
Q

Simuliidae = ?

A

blackflies

29
Q

Tabanidae = ?

A

hose + deerflies

30
Q

Tabanus = ?

A

horseflies

31
Q

Chrysops = ?

A

deerflies

32
Q

Cyclorrhapha = ?

A

Biting Flies

33
Q

Haematobia spp. = ?

A

horn flies (Cyclorrhapha)

34
Q

Stomoxys spp. = ?

A

stable flies (Cyclorrhapha)

35
Q

what organism causes equine allergic dermatitis

A

Midges (Ceratopogonidae)
Culicoides

36
Q

what are the hosts for the parasite Leucocytozoon

A
  • Midges
  • blackflies (Simuliidae)
37
Q

what carries Trypanosoma (a parasitic protozoa) of ungulates and other mammals

A

Horseflies & Deerflies (Tabanidae)

Brachycera

38
Q

what transmits Francisella tularensis, Anaplasma marginale, Bacillus anthracis

A

Horseflies & Deerflies (Tabanidae)

Brachycera

39
Q

what causes equine infectious anemia virus and WEEV (western equine encephalitis virus)

A

Horseflies & Deerflies (Tabanidae)

Brachycera

40
Q

what flies live on cattle and feed frequently, causing heavy production loses

A

Horn flies (Haematobia)

41
Q

Horn flies, Stable flies, Keds/louse flies and Tsetse flies are all…

A

biting flies

42
Q

vectors of Trypanosoma bruceri which causes nagana and sleeping sickness

A

Tsetse flies (Glossinidae)

43
Q

feed on ocular/nasal discharge of cattle and other livestock

A

Face fly (Musca autumnalis)

44
Q

transmits the pathogens Spirurid nematodes of cattle + equids and Moraxella bovis (bovine keratoconjunctivitis)

A

Facefly (Musca autumnalis)

45
Q

most abundant insect pest associated w/ livestock, poultry and people

A

House fly (M. domestica)

feeds on ocular/nasal fluids

46
Q

Obligate (primary) myiasis larvae require what for survival

A

a live host for food

47
Q

Facultative (secondary) myiasis larvae usually eat _______ and sometimes infest live animals

A

carrion (decaying flesh)

48
Q

this family includes facultative and obligate myiasis causing species of flies

A

Flesh flies (Sarcophagidae)

49
Q

fly that exhibits obligate myiasis, found in northern USA and Canada

A

Gray flesh fly Wohlfahrita vigil

50
Q

the New World screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) exhibits ______Myiasis

A

obligate

eradicated from US by early 1990s

51
Q

used in foresnsic science to estimate post-mortem interval, used in maggot therapy

A

Common green bottle fly (Lucilia sericata)

52
Q
  • Agents of obligate myiasis, most species are highly host and site specific, typically not highly pathogenic
  • adults do not feed (vestigial mouthparts)
A

Botflies (Oestridae)

53
Q

Primarily afflicts sheep and goat, wandering larvae can cause false gid

A

Sheep nasal botfly (Oestrus ovis)

54
Q

causes subcutaneous cysts (warbles) in bovids and cervids (deer)

A

Heel flies (Hypoderma)

55
Q

cause GI myiasis in equine, large numbers can be present w/out clinical signs

A

Horse botflies (Gasterophilus)

56
Q

causes subcutaneous cysts in wild rodents and rabbits int eh Americas

A

Cuterebra
Botflies (Oestridae)

57
Q
  • causes myiasis of eye,nasal and oral regions of dogs and cats
  • complications caused by wandering larvae
  • cerebrospinal cuterbriasis
A

Cuterebra
Botflies (Oestridae)

PARASITOLOGY (14 decks)

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