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Biochemistry > L9: Protein Synthesis II : Translation > Flashcards

L9: Protein Synthesis II : Translation Flashcards

1
Q

How is the amino acid sequence of a protein determined?

A

By the sequences of bases on the DNA strand

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2
Q

Is the genetic code pairs or triplets?

A

Triplets

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3
Q

Define degenerate code

A

Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid

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4
Q

How is the genetic code read in?

A

Triplets

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5
Q

Name given to each possible grouping of triplets

A

Reading Frame

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6
Q

How was genetic code deciphered?

A

Using synthetic mRNA & evaluating which amino acids were incorported

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7
Q

Function of mRNA

A

Encodes proteins

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8
Q

Function of rRNA

A

structural & enzymatic component of ribosome

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9
Q

Function of tRNA

A

Delivers amino acids to ribosome

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10
Q

Are amino acids not paired directly with RNA codons in translation?

A

YES

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11
Q

What RNA is used to link an mRNA codon to a specific amino acid?

A

tRNA

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12
Q

Why can’t amino acids pair directly with RNA codons?

A

There are only 4 different nucleotides in RNA and 20 amino acids

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13
Q

What is an anticodon?

A

Triplet of bases complementary to the codon

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14
Q

What is a wobble base pair?

A

Pairing between 2 nucleotides in RNA that does not follow Watson-Crick base pair rules

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15
Q

What is a charged tRNA?

A

Has amino acid attached at the 3’ end via an ester bond

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16
Q

How does energy for addition of amino acid to tRNA come from?

A

Hydrolysis of ATP

17
Q

What are polyribosomes?

A

Group of ribosomes bound to an mRNA molecule like ‘beads’

18
Q

What does wobble pairing allow for the single tRNA anticodon?

A

Recognise more than 1 codon

19
Q

Structure of ribosomes

A

1) Small & large subunits
2) 3 tRNA sites (E,P,A)

20
Q

What is a monocistronic mRNA?

A

Encodes for 1 protein only

21
Q

What is a polycistronic mRNA?

A

Encodes more than 1 protein

22
Q
A

Biochemistry (11 decks)

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