L4: Protein Synthesis I

Question 1

3 functions of proteins in living systems

Answer 1

1) Structural
2) Movement
3) Transport

Question 2

Examples of structural function

Answer 2

1) Collagen
2) Keratin

Question 3

Examples of movement functions in living systems

Answer 3

1) Actin
2) Myosin

Question 4

Examples of membrane transport function in living systems

Answer 4

Na+/K+ Pump

Question 5

What does a polypeptide begin with?

Answer 5

Amino acid

Question 6

What is the N-terminus?

Answer 6

Start of a protein, started by the free amine group (NH2)

Question 7

What is the C-terminus?

Answer 7

End of the amino acid chain, terminated by a free carboxyl group (-COOH)

Question 8

What are series of repeating atoms of polypeptide chain called?

Answer 8

Backbone

Question 9

What are functional groups bounded to alpha-carbon called?

Answer 9

R-groups

Question 10

How are structure of amino acids formed?

Answer 10

Determined by interactions between backbone atoms, amino acid R groups

Question 11

How does the structure of a protein related to its performance?

Answer 11

Directly related

Question 12

Define enatiomers

Answer 12

Pair of molecules that exist in 2 forms that are mirror images of 1 another, cannot be laid over each other

Question 13

How do each amino acid differ?

Answer 13

Properties of side chain (R-group)

Question 14

What 3 features can side chains be?

Answer 14

1) Polar charged
2) Polar uncharged
3) Non-polar

Question 15

When is a molecule polar?

Answer 15

Unequal distribution of charge

Question 16

What does unequal distribution create?

Answer 16

Full/partial negative & positive charge

Question 17

What does partial positive charge on H of water molecule attract?

Answer 17

Negative Charge

Question 18

What does negative charge on O of water molecule attract?

Answer 18

Positive Charge

Question 19

Are charged side chains hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

Answer 19

Hydrophilic

Question 20

What can the side chains form with water with partial charges?

Answer 20

Hydrogen Bonds

Question 21

Are polar uncharged side chains hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

Answer 21

Hydrophilic

Question 22

What can’t non-polar side chains bind to?

Answer 22

Water

Question 23

Are non-polar side chains hydrophobic/hydrophilic?

Answer 23

Hydrophobic

Question 24

How are amino acids grouped?

Answer 24

Characteristics of their side chains

Question 25

What do side chain characteristics determine?

Answer 25

How proteins fold

Question 26

4 categories of R-groups

Answer 26

1) Charged
2) Uncharged
3) Positively Charged
4) Negatively charged

Question 27

What do disulfide bridges form between?

Answer 27

2 Cysteine residues

Question 28

What bonds are amino acids linked by?

Answer 28

Peptide Bonds

Question 29

Are side chains (R groups) involved in peptide bonding?

Answer 29

No

Question 30

Which terminuses are proteins synthesised from?

Answer 30

N-terminus to C-terminus