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Anatomy - E2 - Lectures > L9 - Leg > Flashcards

L9 - Leg Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two bones of the leg?

A

tibia and fibula

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2
Q

describe the tibia

A
  • most common long bone to be fractured
  • relatively poor blood supply
  • anteromedial surface is bare (available for bone grafts)
  • soleal (oblique) line on posterior surface
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3
Q

describe the fibula

A
  • lateral malleolus important in ankle stability

- site for muscle attachment

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4
Q

describe the anterior proximal end of the tibia

A
  • medial and lateral condyles
  • tuberosity
  • tubercles of intercondylar eminence
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5
Q

describe the posterior proximal end of the tibia

A
  • medial and lateral condyles
  • tubercles of intercondylar eminence
  • articular facet for fibula (on inferior surface of lateral condyle)
  • soleal line (shallow rough ridge curving down from lateral condyle)
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6
Q

describe the anterior distal end of the tibia

A

medial malleolus

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7
Q

describe the lateral distal end of the tibia

A
  • fibular notch

- soleal line: shallow rough ridge curving down from lateral condyle)

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8
Q

describe the fibula, its function, and something important

A
  • lies lateral to the tibia
  • function: involved in ankle joint; muscle attachment
  • both tibia and fibula have interosseous borders
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9
Q

describe the proximal and distal ends of the fibula

A

proximal: head, apex (styloid process), articular surface (facet) for lateral condyle of tibia

lateral malleolus (w articular surface for talus)

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10
Q

describe the crural fascia

A
  • its continuous with fascia latae
  • attachment to anterior and medial borders of tibia:
    = continuous with periosteum
    = leaves bare area
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11
Q

what retinacula are formed by the fascia?

A
  • superior (extensor)
  • inferior (extensor)
  • flexor retinaculum
  • superior/ inferior peroneal retinacula
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12
Q

describe the superior (extensor) retinaculum

A
  • proximal to malleoli

- binds tendons in anterior crural compartment

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13
Q

describe the inferior retinaculum

A

Y shaped

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14
Q

EXAM: describe the flexor retinaculum

A
  • binds tendons of the deep posterior compartment
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15
Q

describe the superior/ inferior peroneal retinacula

A

bind tendons of lateral crural compartment

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16
Q

describe the superficial posterior compoartment: cutaneous nerves

A
  • lateral sural cutaneous nerve (from common nerve)

- medial sural cutaneous: from tibial nerve

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17
Q

what does the sural nerve run with?

A

the lesser saphenous vein

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18
Q

what are the muscles of the superficial posterior compartment muscles?

A
  • gastrocnemius
  • plantaris
  • soleous
  • triceps surae
  • common insertion
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19
Q

describe the gastrocnemius

A
  • crosses both knee and ankle joint
  • two heads form inferior boundaries of the popliteal fossa
  • lateral head may have a sesamoid bone: fabella
20
Q

describe the plantaris

A
  • may be absent

- tendon may be used for hand surgery

21
Q

describe the soleus

A
  • broad multipennate muscle

- unijoint muscle

22
Q

describe the triceps surae

A
  • soleus + two heads of gastrocnemius
23
Q

describe the common insertion

A
  • calcaneus via tendo calcaneus (achilles tendon)
24
Q

what nerve supplies the superficial posterior compartment?

A

tibial nerve

25
Q

describe the tibial nerve

A
  • supplies all muscles in posterior compartment
  • divides into medial and lateral plantar nerves inferior and posterior to medial malleolus
  • gives off medial sural cutaneous nerve
  • joins with communicating branch of common peroneal (fibular) nerve to form: sural nerve: cutaneous
26
Q

describe the superficial posterior compartment blood supply

A
  • posterior tibial artery

- peroneal (fibular) artery

27
Q

describe the posterior tibial artery

A
  • largest branch of popliteal artery

- divides into medial and lateral plantar arteries deep to origin of abductor hallucis muscle

28
Q

describe the peroneal (fibular) artery

A
  • most important branch of posterior tibial artery
  • supplies lateral compartment and popliteus muscles
  • supplies other muscles in posterior compartment
29
Q

what are the muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the leg?

A
  • popliteus
  • flexor digitorum longus
  • flexor hallucis longus
  • tibialis posterior
30
Q

describe the popliteus

A
  • lies in floor of popliteal fossa

- flexes and rotates knee**

31
Q

describe the flexor digitorum longus

A
  • tendon passes posterior to medial malleolus and to tendon of tibialis posterior
  • plantarflexes foot at ankle joint
32
Q

describe the flexor hallucis longus

A
  • tendon occupies groove on posterior surface of talus
  • continuous w groove on plantar surface of sustentaculum tali
  • tendon passes posterior to medial malleolus
  • tendon passes between two sesamoid bones
  • push-off muscle for walking, running, jumping
33
Q

describe the tibialis posterior

A
  • functions in plantar flexion and foot inversion

- helps to maintain medal longitudinal arch

34
Q

what is the nerve supply and the blood supply to the deep posterior compartment

A
  • tibialis nerve

- posterior tibial artery

35
Q

what are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A
  • tibialis anterior
  • extensor digitorum longus
  • peroneus (fibularis) tertius
  • extensor hallucis longus
36
Q

describe the tibialis anterior

A
  • lateral to crest of tibia
  • foot dorsiflexion and inversion
  • L4-L5
  • paralysis results in foot drop
37
Q

describe the extensor digitorum longus

A
  • four tendons of insertion
  • each tendon inserts on an extensor expansion similar to arrangement in hand
  • toe extension at MTP and also dorsiflexion
38
Q

describe the peroneus tertius

A
  • part of extensor digitorum longus
  • sometimes missing
  • foot dorsiflexion and eversion
39
Q

what is the function of the anterior compartment?

A
  • toe extension

- ankle dorsiflexion

40
Q

what is the innervation of the anterior compartment? describe it

A

Deep peroneal (fibular) nerve

  • L4-L5 to tibialis anterior
  • L5-S1 for remaining muscles
  • runs deep to extensor digitorum longus
  • accompanies anterior tibial artery between extensor hallucis longus and tibialis anterior muscles
41
Q

what is the blood supply to the anterior compartment?

A

anterior tibial artery

  • smaller terminal branch of popliteal artery
  • begins at inferior border of popliteus muscle
  • becomes dorsalis pedis artery at ankle joint
42
Q

what are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A
  • peroneus (fibularis) longus

- peroneus brevis

43
Q

describe PL

A
  • more superficial of the two
  • easily palpated
  • its tendon uses lateral malleolus as a pulley
  • tendon crosses sole of foot and inserts on first metatarsus and cuneiform
  • helps to maintain transverse and longitudinal arches of the foot
44
Q

describe PB

A
  • deep to peroneus longus
  • inserts on lateral tuberosity
  • functions in plantar flexion and foot eversion
45
Q

what is the nerve supply to the lateral compartment of the leg?

A
  • superficial peroneol (fibular) nerve:
    = deep to peroneus longus
    = inserts on lateral tuberosity
46
Q

blood supply to the lateral compart?

A
  • no major arteries in lat comp
  • muscular branches arise from the peroneal artery
    = branch of posterior tibial
47
Q

what are the spinal cord levels of the lat comp

A

L5, S1-S2

Anatomy - E2 - Lectures (7 decks)

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