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anatomy - e2 - lectures > L10- Ankle > Flashcards

L10- Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three divisions of the foot, and what are in them?

A
  • hindfoot: talus; calcaneus
  • midfoot: navicular, cuboid, cuneiforms
  • forefoot: metatarsals, phalanges
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2
Q

describe the superior tibiofibular joint

A

synovial plane joint with a capsule

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3
Q

describe the inferior tibiofibular joint

A

syndesmosis:

  • posterior tibiofibular ligament
  • anterior tibiofibular ligament
  • crural tibiofibular interosseous ligament
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4
Q

what is the talotibial (talocrural) joint?

A

the ankle joint

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5
Q

describe it

A
  • most congruent joint in the body
  • ## synovial hinge joint
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6
Q

describe the mortise and tenon joint

A
  • mortise:
    = fibular malleolus
    = tibial malleolus
    = distal end of tibia
  • tenon: head of talus
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7
Q

describe its axis

A
  • toe out stance (= normal tibial torsion)

- pathological: external/ internal tibial torsion

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8
Q

describe the movements of the talotibial joint

A
  • dorsiflexion = increased toe out
  • plantarflexion = decreased toe out
  • mostly occur in sagittal plane
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9
Q

describe the medial collateral

A

its an ankle ligament

  • aka: deltoid
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10
Q

what are the components of the medial collateral

A
  • tibionavicular
  • tibiocalcanean
  • anterior tibiotalar
  • posterior tibiotalar
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11
Q

describe the lateral collateral and its components

A

weakest of the collaterals

components:

  • anterior talofibular
  • posterior talofibular
  • calcaneofibular
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12
Q

describe the talocalcaneal joint

A

aka: subtalar joint

very stable
uniaxial, triplanar

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13
Q

how many surfaces does it have? describe them

A

3
- posterior: concave facet on talus with convex facet on calcaneus

  • anterior: convex facets on body and neck of talus; concave facets on calcaneus
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14
Q

describe the tarsal tunnel

A
  • nonsynovial

- ligament = talocalcaneal ligament

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15
Q

what are the movements of the talocalcaneal joint?

A

(inversion)

  • adduction (vertical axis)
  • supination (longitudinal axis)
  • plantarflexion (coronal axis)

(eversion)
- opposite of inversion

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16
Q

what are the ligaments of the talocalcaneal joint?

A
  • interosseous talocalcaneal

- posterior and lateral talocalcaneal ligaments

17
Q

describe the talocalcaneonavicular joint

A
  • composite joint: talocalcaneal jt + talonavicular jt

movements: inversion (closed packed); eversion

18
Q

describe the calcaneonavicular (spring) joint

A
  • from sustentaculum tali to inferior navicular
  • continuous medially with deltoid ligament
  • continuous laterally with medial band of bifurcate ligament
  • helps to maintain medial longitudinal arch
19
Q

describe the calcaneocuboid joint: articulating bones, movements, and ligaments

A
  • calcaneus + cuboid
  • triplanar
  • plantar calcaneocuboid (short plantar); long plantar (most important)*
20
Q

describe the transverse tarsal joint

A

composite joint: talonavicular + calcaneocuboid

21
Q

function of transverse tarsal joint

A
  • traditional link btwn hindfoot and forefoot
  • adds to inversion/ eversion range
  • compensates forefoot for hindfoot eversion
  • keeps distal foot inverted with lateral surface in contact with ground while hindfoot is everted
  • compensation between hindfoot and forefoot not possible when hindfoot is inverted
22
Q

what 3 retinacula exist on ankle?

A
  • superior/inferior extensor retinacula
  • flexor retinaculum
  • peroneal (fibular) retinaculum
23
Q

superior/ inferior extensor retinacula

A
  • localized thickenings of anterior crural fascia
24
Q

what do they bind down?

A

tendons of:

  • tibialis anteior
  • extensor hallucis longus
  • extensor digitorum longus
  • peroneus tertius
25
Q

what does it cover/

A
  • deep peroneal nerve

- anterior tibial artery

26
Q

describe the flexor retinaculum

A
  • localized medial thickening of crural fascia
27
Q

what does it bind down?

A
  • flexor hallucis longus
  • flexor digitorum longus
  • tibialis posterior
28
Q

what does it cover?

A

tibial nerve

posterior tibial artery

29
Q

describe the peroneal retinaculum

A
  • localized medial thickening of lateral deep fascia

- binds down tendons of: peroneus longus and brevis

30
Q

describe the plantar arches

A
  • longitudinal: medial + lateral

- pathologies: pes cavus + pes planus

31
Q

what are the support ligaments of the plantar arches

A
  • plantar calcaneonavicular (spring): primary support for medial longitudinal arch
  • long plantar: primary support for lateral longitudinal arch
32
Q

what are other support ligaments?

A
  • plantar aponeurosis
  • plantar calcaneocuboid (short plantar)
  • marginal abductors
33
Q

arch support structures

A
  • shapes of bones

- peroneus longus

anatomy - e2 - lectures (7 decks)

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