L9,L10: Factors modifying drug action and ADR

Question 1

females have lower levels of______

Answer 1

alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 2

which type of drugs become less effective when the patient is suffering from liver disease?

Answer 2

pro-drugs

Question 3

renal failure complications regarding drugs :

Answer 3

lower albumin levels usually are associated with renal failure : binding of acidic drugs is reduced

NSAIDs usually make renal failure worse

permeability of BBB is increased

Question 4

drug tolerance is usually seen in which class of drugs ?

Answer 4

CNS active drugs

Question 5

type A ADR:

Answer 5

Augmented / expected
exaggeration of therapeutic effect of drug

includes side effects , secondary effects , and toxicity

Question 6

type B ADR:

Answer 6

Bizarre , unexpected

not associated with dose or therapeutic effect of drug

includes drug allergies , genetically determined abnormal responses , and idiosyncratic reactions which can be lethal (halothane causing hyperthermia)

Question 7

type C ADR:

Answer 7

Chronic/ continous
Associated with prolonged use : can cause superinfection

Question 8

Type D ADR:

Answer 8

Delayed :

happens years after treatment and can even affect offspring of patient who received treatment

Question 9

type E ADR:

Answer 9

end of treatment effects :

occur when drug is stopped suddenly

ex: beta-blocker withdrawal resulting in the worsening of hypertension

Question 10

what is teratogenicity ?

Answer 10

fetal abnormalities caused by drug administered during pregnancy