L14: fluroquinolones and metronidazole

Question 1

what bacteria does fluroquinalones act against ?

Answer 1

it is a broad spectrum drug that acts against both gram positive and gram negative cocci ( but it is more effective against gram negative bacteria )

-less resistance development
-long post-antibiotic effect

Question 2

all fluroquinalones end in the suffix –__

Answer 2

-floxacin

Question 3

whats the mechanism of fluroquinolones ?

Answer 3

DNA synthesis inhibition/inhibits bacterial replication ( bacteriocidal )

Question 4

what does fluoroquinolones bind too to inhibit bacterial replication ?

Answer 4

gyrase and toposiomerase

Question 5

levofloxacin and Gatifloxacin have a long half life meaning they only need to be taken )

Answer 5

once a day

Question 6

fluoroquinolones are used to treat :

Answer 6

-odontogenic and non-odontogenic infections
-UTI
-bacterial gastrointestinal -entities ( shigella , E.coli , Salmonella )
-TB , and Atypical mycobacterium infections
-upper respiratory and lower respiratory tact infections
-drug of choice against typhoid

Question 6

adverse effects of fluroquinolones:

Answer 6

nausea , vomiting , diarrhea

headache , seizures , dizziness , insomnia

phototoxicity , rashes and itching

and most importantly :arthropathy (articular cartilage erosion , tendonitis , and ruptured tendons )

Question 7

which drug can cause phototoxicity ?

Answer 7

fluroquinalones

Question 8

fluroquinalones should not be given too:

Answer 8

pregnant woman
nursing mothers
children below age of 18

Question 9

what is the mechanism of metronidazole ?

Answer 9

releases nitro radicals , disrupting energy metabolism –> cytotoxic to anaerobic organisms

Question 10

what type of organisms are metronidazoles cytotoxic against ?

Answer 10

anaerobic organisms

Question 11

what are metronidazoles used to treat ?

Answer 11

anaerobic odontogenic infections , dental chemoprophylaxis , and H.pylori peptic ulcers

Question 12

metronidazole is used in combination with amoxcillin or azithromycin or a cephalosporin

Answer 12

:D

Question 13

what are the adverse effects of metronidazole ?

Answer 13

Metallic taste
nausea
anorexia
peripheral neuropathy in cases of prolonged administration

Question 14

metronidazole should not be given too:

Answer 14

alcoholics
women in 1st trimester of pregnancy
people suffering from neurological disease