corticosteroids Flashcards
glucocorticoids :
mineralocorticoids :
androgens :
- affects metabolism of fat , lipids , and carbohydrates
-affects Na+, K+ and fluid balance
-sex hormone
what are the pharmacological actions of glucocorticoids other than its effect on metabolism fats , lipids , or carbs ?
promote gluconeogenesis
promotes lipolysis
causes lipid breakdown
-anti inflammatory effect and immunosuppressant effect
what is the mechanism of glucocorticoids ?
they bind to specific receptors , forming a complex which then translocates into the nucleus to alter gene expression and protein synthesis
what are the clinical uses of hydrocortisone (cortisol)?
used in life threatening emergencies of shock , stats asthmatics
replacement in patients with adrenal insufficiency / hypo-function
used as a topical cream for dermatitis
treatment for ulcerative colitis
what are the clinical uses of hydrocortisone (cortisol)?
used in life threatening emergencies of shock , stats asthmatics
replacement in patients with adrenal insufficiency / hypo-function
used as a topical cream for dermatitis
treatment for ulcerative colitis
what are the properties of prednisolone ?
(how fast does it act and how much more potent is it than hydrocortisone )?
-intermediate acting
-4x more potent than hydrocortisone
what is prednisolone used for ?
allergic distress , inflammatory distress , immune disease/ malignancy
which drug is used for treating non-infective orodental lesions ?
Triamcinolone
which drugs are long acting corticosteroids that are 20x more potent than hydrocortisone ?
Dexamethasone & Betamethasone
half life is greater than 36 hours
what are dexamethasone and betamethasone used for ?
-Allergic and inflammatory conditions
-Bronchial asthma, Shock
-Head injury / cerebral edema (Does not cause fluid retention)
Available as eye/ear drops for allergic conjunctivitis etc.
what are the adverse effects of prolonged corticosteroid uses?
-Fragile skin
-Hyperglycemia.
-Muscular weakness
-Susceptibility to infection- risk of periodontal infections
-Delayed healing of wounds
-Peptic ulceration
-Osteoporosis
-Cataract.
topical use of steroids can treat :
aphthous stomatitis, related to inflammatory or immune mechanisms.
Both topical and systemic steroids are used in these instances
what’s the treatment for recurrent oral ulceration ?
topical steroids
what’s the treatment for oral lesions ?
topical+systemic steroids
what’s the treatment for pain from exposed dental pulp?
local steroids
