L9 - Does our culture influence us? Can we influence our culture? Flashcards
Links b/w climate change and conflict?
- long term climate changes can affect land-carrying capacity
- land carrying- capacity influences food supply
- when food production is reduced, this can increase the likelihood of arms conflicts, famines and epidemics.
In history, it’s been seen that number of wars goes up when temperature goes up or down by 1 degree (eg. little ice age) bc fighting for food
as temp deviates from long term average violence goes up!!!!!!
What are two conceptions of human-nature relationship?
Anthropocentrism - nature should be protected for its value in maintaining or enhancing the quality of life for humans –> we manage the environment.
Ecocentrism - nature has intrinsic value, and deserves protection for its own sake. –> sees humans as part of the ecosystem and we are living in it with other beings
What is the resource dilemma?
It’s rational for each individual to extract more resources, whilst it is rational the collective if the members extract fewer resources.
- private ownership is a solution
- self-organisation and self-governance
What is the negative resource dilemma?
It’s rational for each individual to dispose waste without paying for it, whilst it’s rational for the collective if its members pay for waste disposal.
- coercive laws and taxing devices that make it cheaper for the polluter to treat his pollutants than to discharge them untreated.
What are 3 problems that need to be solved to self govern commons?
- how to supply RULES for resource extraction
- how to ensure rules are FOLLOWED
- How to monitor each others action
What have common resource pool games found?
- When playing CRP games, optimal results were found when communication and punishment were used together.
no communication or punishment results in tragedy.
- High antropocentrics harvested more, but varied harvest in response to situational factors such as avail resource and cooperative and non cooperative fishers.
thus, peoples conceptualisations of human nature played a role in behaviour.
Why is culture important for resource use?
Communcation among people allows development of a shared culture –> shared ideas and practices about what to think and how to act.
What is traditional ecological knowledge?
Traditional cultures that have myths and belief systems that act as informational source of rules for regulating resource use and as justification for reasons for the rules.
Eg. Tukano people who believe that if you fish across the boundary, then punishment of human life needs to be taken.
- leads to different values across cultures and the world.
What is sustainable development?
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
What is the relationship between cultural values, economy and environment?
- valuing harmony correlated with valuing environment
- Egalitarian commitment and Intellectual autonomy correlated with economic value.
does economic ≠ enviro?
Is religion related to conceptions of human nature relationship?
yeS
Belief in the bible played a role in anthroprocentric beliefs.
tend to think nature is there for use. bc that’s what the bible says
What values correlated with the free market ideology?
ALL THE VALUES!!! lower ecocentrism lower antropocentrism higher env apathy lower climate change lower human caused belief lower negative consequences - not that dire
Relationship between concern for enviro and economy?
Usually a negative relationship between concern for enviro and economy.
But. in Sweden, we see a change in this trend when the government increased media coverage and invested in the economy more, it can be seen that there was no longer a relatinoship between economy and enviro concern.
Can also see this trend when asking australians how important they think climate change is, how soon we should act on the problem, and how much theyre willing to spend on it. More concerned with economy.
