L9 Flashcards
(To extremes of life) Children and old aged people are at high for infections of?
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) Epidemiology
gram-positive diplococci =?
gram-positive in pairs
Lancet shaped
S. pneumoniae
draughtsman’ appearance
S. pneumoniae
S. pneumoniae Differentiated from the ‘viridans’ streptococci by
- Its sensitivity to optochin
- Solubility in bile salts.
novobiocin diff bet x and x
S. epidermidis = S
S. saprophyticus = R
Bacitracin disc sensitivity diff bet x and x
Streptococcus pyogenes = positive
Streptococcus agalactiae = negative
optochin disc diff bet x and x
Streptococcus pneumoniae = S
Viridans streptococci = R
general resistance of S. Pneumoniae lowered by:
Nephrosis
Hyposplenism(splenectomy)
S. Pneumoniae - Associated infections
otitis media
conjunctivitis
meningitis
septic arthritis.
spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
patient has sudden onset of fever, chills, and sharp pleural pain and Bloody or rusty colored sputum
Severe complications: meningitis, endocarditis, and septic arthritis
S. Pneumoniae
unique test in S. pneumoniae?
Quellung reaction: or “capsule swelling test
S. pneumoniae
Culture and isolation:
* Bile solubility test:
* Optochin:
alpha-hemolysis on blood agar.
positive
sensitive
S. Pneumoniae - Treatment and prophylaxis
penicillin
vancomycin with ceftriaxone is used for treatment of penicillin-resistant strains
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV)
infants
Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV)
elderly
Many species of the viridans streptococci are classified
- S. mitis group,
- S. anginosus group,
- S. mutans group,
- S. salivarius group, and
- S. bovis group
Diseases caused by Viridans Streptococci:
- Subacute bacterial endocarditis: amoxicillin preoperatively
- Dental plaque
Gamma Hemolytic Streptococci; Enterococci species
Catalase=
Common cause of=
species=
Catalase-negative
Common cause of nosocomial infection
Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium
if i see gram + cocci in urine so it is
1-Enterococci
2-streptococi agalactia
3-staphylococci sapro
Hydrolyze esculin (bile-esculin positive)
Enterococci
Non soluble to bile.
* Grow well in 6.5% NaCl
Enterococci
Enterococci -Treatment
combination of ampicillin & aminoglycoside.
Vancomycin & aminoglycoside in ampicillin-resistant cases
gram + cocci arranged in chain bile esculin +
Enterococci
Enterococci Antibiotic Resistance
- Intrinsic resistance to cephalosporins
if patient of Enterococci has VER we give him
Linezolid and Tedizolid
Lanced test only in??
Beta haemolytic
A= pyogen
B= aglactia
