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Pharmacy Y1 Hyp- Pharmocology > L83- Renal Physiology > Flashcards

L83- Renal Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

what organs does the urinary system contain?

A
  • kidney

- bladder

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2
Q

what is the function of the kidney?

A
  • excrete metabolic products and xenobiotics
  • regulate body fluids osmolality and volumes
  • electrolytes balance
  • acid-base balance
  • endocrine function
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3
Q

what is xenobiotics?

A

anything in the body that shouldn’t be there egg, poisons and drugs

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4
Q

what does efforent mean?

A

narrower and out

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5
Q

what does afferent mean?

A

thicker and in

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6
Q

what % of blood is flitered out?

A

10-20% the rest goes on this occurs in the proximal tubular

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7
Q

wjhat side is the glomerulus?

A

proximal end

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8
Q

what are the 8 segments of the nephron?

A

-Proximal convoluted tuble
-Proximal straight  -Descending Loop of Henle (thin)
-Ascending L of H (thin) 
-Ascending L of H (thick) 
-Distal convoluted 
-Cortical collecting duct
• Medullary collecting duct

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9
Q

what % of cariac output goes to the kidney?

A

25%

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10
Q

how much is filterd from the kidney in a day?

A

1.5L

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11
Q

what 3 processes account for renal excretion?

A
  • Glomerular Filtration
  • Tubular Secretion
  • Reabsorption from tubule
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12
Q

urinary excretion rate=

A

filtration rate + secretion rate - re-absorption rate

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13
Q

how do things leave capillaries?

A

becasue capillaries are leaky components and allow the passage of plasma com

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14
Q

what is glomerular filtration?

A

occurs the glomerulus where 10-20% is filtered the rest passes into the efferent arteriole.

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15
Q

what type of substance can be filtered during glomerular filtration?

A
  • small molecules lie glucose amino acids.

- unbound drugs can also be filtered

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16
Q

what type of substance can’t be filtered during glomerular filtration?

A
  • protein bound drugs

- proteins

17
Q

what is the glomerular filtration rate?

A
  • is a measure to assess kidney function

- normal GFR is approx 120ml/min

18
Q

what is the kinky tubule lined with?

A

epithelium they have tight junctions some are leaky some aren’t

19
Q

what is the basolateral surface

A

on the blood side

20
Q

what is the proximal tubule causing tubular secretion?

A

where 80-90% passes to peritubular capillaries in primal tubule

21
Q

what are the active transporters called in the proximal tubule?

A

OAT (Organic acid transporter) and OCT (organic cation transporter)

22
Q

what occurs in the proximal tubule according to water movement?

A

Water movement via the paracellular pathway takes solutes with it (Na+, Cl-)

23
Q

what happens in the Loop of Henle?

A

reabsorption of water

24
Q

explain what are the different water permeabilities of the Loop of Henle?

A
  • descending limb is permeable to water

- ascending lomb is impermeable to water

25
Q

what is occurring in the medulla?

A

osmotic gradient and water is moving out of the descending limb

26
Q

what occurs in the ascending limb?

A

Na+ and Cl- move out and is reabsorbed without the movement of water

27
Q

what are some facts about the distal tubule?

A
  • very permeable to water

- Na+ and Cl- is reabsorbed further dilutes the tubular fluid

28
Q

how does water enter the collecting ducts/tubule?

A

through aquaporins

29
Q

what are some facts about the collecting ducts/tubule?

A

passes through the medulla where there is high osmolarity

30
Q

where does dilute or concentrated urine occur?

A

in the collecting duct/tubule and is controlled by hormones.

31
Q

what are the 2 hormones that are responsible for dilute or concentrate urine?

A
  • aldosterone

- anti-diuretcis hormone (ADH)

32
Q

what are some facts about aldosterone?

A
  • secreted from the adrenal cortex
  • increased the number of active epithelial Na+ channels in the collecting duct and promotes Na+ and water reabsorption
  • increases blood volume
33
Q

what are some facts about anti-diuretics hormone ADH??

A
  • SECRETED FROM THE POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND
  • INCREASES NUMBER OF AQUAPORINS INCREASES WATER REABSORPTION
  • LEADS TO MORE CONCENTRATED URINE
  • ALCOHOL INHIBITS SECRETION OF ADH
34
Q

what are some facts about DIURETICS?

A
  • act to increase production of urine

- they work blocking the reabsorption of ions, less water is also reabsorbed

Pharmacy Y1 Hyp- Pharmocology (8 decks)

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