L77: Autonomic nervous system

Question 1

Explain the flow chart of the nervous system?

Answer 1

• NS
• CNS and PNS
• CNS=BRAIN AND SPINALCORD, BUT PNS= sensory s, autonomic NS somatic NS
• Autonomic NS= SYMTHETIC NS AND PARASYMPATHETIC NS

Question 2

what are the 4 main roles of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 2

– Control of cardiac function – Contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle
– Control of exocrine and some endocrine glands
– Regulation of energy metabolism

Question 3

how many neurons are there for the autonomic nervous system pathway?

Answer 3

2

Question 4

what is the nervous pathway for the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 4

The pre-ganglionic neuron has its cell body in the CNS and synapses in the autonomic ganglion; the postganglionic neuron has its cell body in the autonomic ganglion and synapses with the effector organ

Question 5

In the pre-sympathetic NS where does the pre-ganglionic sympathetic neurons leave in the sympathetic NS?

Answer 5

the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord. synapse at ganglia close to the spinal cord

Question 6

what neurotransmitter do post-ganglionic sympathetic neurones release in the sympathetic NS?

Answer 6

noradrenaline

Question 7

In the sympathetic NS what are the lengths of the ganglion neurons?

Answer 7

long post-ganglion short pre ganglion neurons

Question 8

In the pre-sympathetic NS where does the pre-ganglionic parasympathetic neurons leave in the parasympathetic NS?

Answer 8

leaves from the brainstem and the sacral region of the spinal cord. then synapse at ganglia close to the effectors organ

Question 9

In the parasympathetic NS what are the lengths of the ganglion neurons?

Answer 9

-long pre-ganglionic neuron and short post ganglionic neurons

Question 10

what neurotransmitter do post-ganglionic parasympathetic neurones release in the parasympathetic NS?

Answer 10

acetylcholine

Question 11

what receptors do acetylcholine act on in the autonomic NS?

Answer 11

• nicotinic they are ligand gated ion channels

- Muscarinic they are G protein-coupled receptors

Question 12

where is acetylcholine released from?

Answer 12

released from both sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons as well as synapses with the adrenal medulla and parasympathetic post-ganglionic neuron and acts as a muscarinic receptor at the synapse.

Question 13

what are the different types of muscarinic receptors?

Answer 13

M1, M2, M3, M4 and M5

Question 14

where is noradrenaline released from?

Answer 14

the post-ganglionic neuron of the sympathetic NS?

Question 15

where does noradrenaline act on?

Answer 15

adrenoceptors at the synapse with the target organ this will stimulate a response

Question 16

how many sub-units of adrenoceptors are there?

Answer 16

2
– α-adrenoceptors
– β-adrenoceptors