L8 - Schizophrenia, substance abuse Flashcards
what are the key characteristics of psychotic disorders?
Delusions - fixed beliefs not amenable to change despite conflicting evidence
Hallucinations - vivid, clear perception-like experiences without an external stimulus
disorganised thinking/speech - switching from one topic to another with answers possibly unrelated, impairing effective communication
Grossly disorganised/abnormal motor behaviour - ranges from catatonia (marked decrease in reactivity) to unpredictable agitation
what’s psychosis?
broad construct representing a state of mind characterised by loss of touch with reality invl. symptoms like hallucinations, delusions and withdrawal from society
what’s heterogeneity?
psychotic disorders vary widely in presentation and severity
what’s inducement?
may be induced by substances, medications, toxins or other medical conditions
what’s the classification of psychotic disorders?
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Delusional Disorder
Catatonia
Brief Psychotic Disorder: More than a day but remits by 1 month.
Schizophreniform Disorder: Less than 6 months.
Schizophrenia: At least 6 months, including 1 month of active-phase symptoms.
What is sz?
a specific form of psychosis
what are positive symptoms?
presence of abnormal experiences or behaviours (e.g., hallucinations or delusions)
what are negative symptoms?
deficits in normal emotional, cognitive or behavioural functioning (e.g., flat affect, social withdrawal)
what are cognitive symptoms?
impairments in attention, memory, executive function and processing speed
what are the interventions of Sz?
Antipsychotic Medications: Reduce positive symptoms but do not cure the disease.
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Recognizes and challenges distorted beliefs, reduces distress from hallucinations and delusions, improves coping skills.
Family Therapy: Provides psychoeducation, improves communication, and offers support and skills training.
Social Skills Training: Enhances communication and interpersonal interactions.
Arts Therapy: Promotes creative and safe expression, alleviates negative symptoms.
what is substance use?
consumption of a psychoactive substance without necessarily leading to negative consequence or impairment
what’s substance abuse?
recurrent use despite negative consequences
what’s substance dependence (addiction)
compulsive use, tolerance, withdrawal symptom and difficulty controlling use
What are substance use disorders (SUDs)
cognitive, behavioural and physiological symptoms indicating continuous use despite significant problems
what ae substance-induced disorders?
physiological effects of exogenous substances on the central nervous system, including psychotic, bipolar, depressive and sleep disorders
What are the 3 key features and effects of SUDs?
Mental Health: can exacerbate or lead to mental health disorders
Physical Health: can cause liver disease, respiratory problems, cardiovascular issues, neurological damage, and increased risk of infectious diseases
Social and Behavioural: strained relationships, job loss, financial problems, legal issues and involvement in risky behaviours
What are the 3 risk factors of SUDs?
Biological: genetic predisposition, family history
Environmental: early exposure to substances, stressful life events, trauma, major life transitions, peer pressure, availability of substances, socioeconomic inequality
Psychological: co-occuring mental health disorders, coping mechanisms, impulsivity and sensation seeking
What are the interventions for SUDs
Pharmacological/Medication-Assisted Treatment: Various medications depending on the substance involved.
Psychosocial and Behavioral Interventions:
CBT: Challenges maladaptive thoughts and behaviors, develops coping skills, problem-solving strategies, and relapse prevention techniques.
Motivational Interviewing (MI): Enhances motivation and commitment to change.
Individual Counseling and
Family Therapy: Offers personalized support and guidance.
Support Services: Peer support programs, residential rehabilitation programs.
