L7 - anxiety and mood

Question 1

What are anxiety disorders?

Answer 1

characterised by excessive fear and anxiety

Question 2

What’s fear

Answer 2

emotional response to real perceived imminent threat

Question 3

what’s anxiety?

Answer 3

anticipation of future threat

Question 4

what are the characteristics of anxiety disorders?

Answer 4

persistent: lasting 6 months or more

excessive: overstimulation of danger, unrealistic and out of proportion

impact: affects everyday functioning + can’t be controlled

Question 5

what’s generalised anxiety disorder (GAD)?

Answer 5

persistent and excessive anxiety disorder about various domains (e.g., work, school)

Question 6

what is a phobia?

Answer 6

fear or avoidance of specific objects or situations

Question 7

what is social anxiety disorder?

Answer 7

fear or avoidance of social interactions and situations involving scrutiny

Question 8

what is a panic disorder?

Answer 8

recurrent unexpected panic attacks and worry about future attacks, leading to maladaptive behavioural changes

Question 9

what are the symptoms of anxiety disorders

Answer 9

physical - poor sleep, tense muscles, increased heart rate, dilated pupils

emotional - irritability sense of dread, restlessness

cognitive - poor concentration, anticipation of harm, exaggeration of danger

behavioural - escape, avoidance, aggression, freezing

Question 10

What’s Bipolar I Disorder

Answer 10

alternations between manic + depressive episodes

Question 11

What’s Bipolar II Disorder

Answer 11

recurring episodes of major depression and hypomania

Question 12

What is cyclothymic disorder?

Answer 12

chronic mood disturbances with hypomania and mild depression

Question 13

What is major depressive disorder (MDD)?

Answer 13

pervasive depressed mood, loss of interest and changes in affect and cognition

Question 14

what’s persistent depressive disorder?

Answer 14

chronic mood disturbances lasting at least 2 years in adults and 1 year in children

Question 15

what’s mood dysregulation disorder?

Answer 15

severe temper outbursts inconsistent with developmental level

Question 16

what are the treatment for anxiety disorders?

Answer 16

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Identifying and challenging irrational thoughts and beliefs.

Cognitive Restructuring: Identifying and challenging negative thought patterns.

Exposure Therapy: Gradual exposure to feared situations to reduce anxiety.

Relaxation Techniques: Breathing exercises, progressive muscle relaxation.

Medications: SSRIs, SNRIs, benzodiazepines.
Mindfulness-Based Interventions: Techniques such as mindfulness and virtual reality therapy.

Question 17

what are the treatment for mood disorders?

Answer 17

CBT for MDD: Helps identify and challenge negative thought patterns and develop coping skills.

CBT for Bipolar Disorder: Provides psychoeducation, mood tracking, and strategies for managing mood swings.

Interpersonal Therapy (IPT): Focuses on improving interpersonal relationships.

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT): Combines cognitive-behavioral techniques with mindfulness strategies.

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT): Used for severe and treatment-resistant mood disorders.

Question 18

What are the medications for mood disorders?

Answer 18

Antidepressants: SSRIs, SNRIs.

Mood Stabilizers: Lithium (for bipolar disorder).

Antipsychotics: Used in combination with mood stabilizers for bipolar disorder.